骨科英文书籍精读（260）｜股骨干骨折临床特征
我们正在精读国外经典骨科书籍《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》，想要对于骨科英文形成系统认识，为以后无障碍阅读英文文献打下基础，请持续关注。
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Clinical features
There is swelling and deformity of the limb, and any attempt to move the limb is painful. With the exception of a fracture through pathological bone, the large forces needed to break the femur usually produce accompanying injuries nearby and sometimes further afield. Careful clinical scrutiny is necessary to exclude neurovascular problems and other lower limb or pelvic fractures. An ipsilateral femoral neck fracture occurs in about 10 per cent of cases and, if present, there is a one in three chance of a significant knee injury as well. The combination of femoral shaft and tibial shaft fractures on the same side, producing a ‘floating knee’, signals a high risk of multi-system injury in the patient. The effects of blood loss and other injuries, some of which can be life-threatening, may dominate the clinical picture.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
With the exception of a fracture through pathological bone, the large forces needed to break the femur usually produce accompanying injuries nearby and sometimes further afield. 除病理性骨骨折外，股骨骨折所需要的巨大力量通常会导致附近甚至更远的损伤。
accompanying injuries伴随伤害
afield/əˈfiːld/adv. 在远方地；遥远地；远离家乡地；在田野，在野外adj. 远方的；遥远的；远离家乡的
scrutiny /ˈskruːtəni/n. 详细审查；监视；细看；选票复查
ipsilateral /ˌɪpsəˈlætərəl/adj. 身体的同侧的
floating knee漂浮膝（损伤）
may dominate the clinical picture.可能在临床表现中占主导地位。
百度翻译：
临床特征
肢体肿胀和畸形，任何移动肢体的尝试都是痛苦的。除病理性骨骨折外，股骨骨折所需要的巨大力量通常会导致附近甚至更远的损伤。仔细的临床检查是必要的，以排除神经血管问题和其他下肢或骨盆骨折。约10%的病例发生同侧股骨颈骨折，如果有，也有三分之一的几率发生严重的膝关节损伤。股骨干和胫骨干骨折合并在同一侧，形成“浮膝”，表明患者多系统损伤的风险很高。失血和其他损伤的影响，其中一些可能危及生命，可能会主导临床画面。