标准 | 西班牙加纳利獒犬

注：该标准中文版翻译自FCI国际纯种犬标准英文版，已发布于CKU新官网-犬种百科 原文: www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/DOGO-CANARIO-346.html

12.08.2011 / EN

FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 346 号

DOGO CANARIO

西班牙加纳利獒犬

ORIGIN: Spain.

起源：西班牙

Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 7/4/2011

FCI正式认可日期：2011年7月4日

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 04.07.2011.

正式生效标准发布日期：2011年7月4日

UTILIZATION: Guard dog used for protection of cattle.

用途：看护犬，用于保护牛群

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer – Molossoid Breeds – Swiss Mountain and Cattle dogs.

Section 2.1 Molossoid Mastiff type.

Without working trial.

FCI分组：

第2组 宾莎和雪纳瑞犬-獒犬-瑞士山地犬和牧牛犬

第2类 獒犬类

无需工作测试

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY: A molossoid type dog, originating from Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). It is believed to be the result of matings between the “majorero”, a prehispanic dog indigenous to these islands, and other molossoids introduced to the Canary Islands.

These matings produced an ethnical group of mastiff-type dogs, of moderately large size, brindle or fawn with white marking, with a specific molossoid morphology but yet agile and powerful, having a strong temperament, robust and lively, loyal character.

During the XVI and XVII centuries, the number of these dogs increased considerably and numerous references to them in pre-Conquest historical texts, especially in the “Cedularios del Cabildo” (municipal registers), which explain their duties essentially as guard dogs and protectors of cattle.

历史沿革：

一种獒类犬，原产于特内里费和大加纳利岛（加纳利群岛）。被认为是由已灭绝的岛屿本土犬“Majorero”和引进到加纳利群岛的其他獒犬杂交而来。

他们的杂交制造出一种真正獒犬型的狗：体型较大、虎斑或棕色带白色、典型的獒犬形态却不失敏捷和力量、气质强悍、健壮有活力、性格忠诚。

十六、十七世纪期间，这些狗的数量大大增加，关于加纳利群岛前殖民时代的历史文献中曾提到这种狗，尤其在Cedularios del Cabildo（市政登记簿），解释此犬的职责主要是保护牛群的看护犬。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

A moderately large sized molossoid, with a rectilinear profile and black mask. Robust and well-proportioned.

整体外貌：

体型适当大的獒犬类狗，有流畅的线条和黑色的面罩。精力充沛，身材匀称。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: The body is longer than the height at the withers; this characteristic is more noticeable in the female.

Skull-foreface proportion is 60-40%. The width of the skull is 3/5 of the total length of the head. The distance from elbow to ground should be 50% of the height at the withers for males and a little less for females.

重要比例：身长略大于肩高，这一特征母犬更为明显。头盖骨与前脸比例为6比4（头部整体为10）.头盖骨长度占头部长度的五分之三。公犬肘部到地面的距离是肩高的一半，母犬稍短一点。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT: Calm appearance; attentive expression. Especially suited to guarding and traditionally used for herding cattle. Balanced temperament and very self-confident. Low and deep bark. Obedient and docile with family members, very devoted to its master, but can be suspicious of strangers. Confident attitude, noble and a little distant. When alert, the stance is firm with a vigilant attitude.

行为/秉性：外表平静，表情专注，特别适合守卫及传统牧牛工作。性格平稳，非常自信。吠叫声低沉。对家人温顺和服从，对主人非常忠诚，但对陌生人保持警惕。态度自信、高贵、有些冷漠。警惕时，犬只呈现出戒备状态。

HEAD: 头部

CRANIAL REGION: 颅部区域

HEAD：Massive, brachycephalic and compact in appearance, covered with thick skin. The shape tends towards a slightly elongated cube. The cranial-facial lines are parallel or slightly converging.

头部：巨大，头颅短而紧凑，覆盖着厚的皮肤。形状倾向于稍微拉长的立方体，颅面部线条平行或略收敛。

Skull: Slightly convex in anteposterior and transversal direction. Frontal bone tends to be flat. The width is almost identical to the length. Pronounced zygomatic arch, with well developed cheek and jaw muscles, but not prominent, covered with loose skin. The occipital protuberance is only slightly marked.

头骨：正侧和横截面方向微凸。额骨趋于扁平，宽度几乎与长度相等。颧骨明显，面颊和下巴肌肉发达，但不突出，皮肤松弛。枕骨轻微突出。

Stop : The stop is pronounced, but not abrupt. The furrow between the frontal lobes is well defined and is about two thirds the size of the skull.

额段：额段明显，但不突兀。额叶之间的皱纹明显，大约是头骨的三分之二。

FACIAL REGION: 面部区域

Nose: Wide, strong black pigmentation. In line with the muzzle. The nostrils are large to facilitate breathing.

鼻：宽，黑色素沉淀好，与口吻一条线。鼻孔大，便于呼吸。

Muzzle: Shorter than the skull, normally about 40% of the total length of the head. The width is 2/3 of that of the skull. Very wide base, narrowing slightly towards the nose. Bridge of the nose is flat and straight, without ridges.

口吻：比头盖骨短，约是头部长度的40%，宽度是头盖骨的三分之二。底部非常宽，至鼻尖略变窄。鼻梁平而直，无脊。

Lips: The upper lip is pendulous, although not excessively. Seen from the front, the upper and lower lips come together to form an inverted V. The flews are slightly divergent. The inside of the lips is a dark colour.

嘴唇：上嘴唇下垂，但不过分。从正面看，上下嘴唇形成一个倒V形。上嘴唇垂肉略微分叉。嘴唇内侧为深色。

Jaws/Teeth: Scissor bite or slightly undershot bite, max 2 mms. Pincer bite is admitted but not desirable due to the dental erosion produced. The dental arch is wide at the canines. The teeth are wide and solidly set. Large molars, small incisors, well developed canines.

颌/牙齿：剪状咬合或轻微的地包天（不超过2毫米），水平咬合是允许的但不鼓励，因为会导致牙齿磨损。犬齿牙弓很宽，牙齿大而牢固。大臼齿，小门齿，犬齿发育良好。

Eyes: Slightly oval in shape, from medium to large in size. Set well apart, but neither sunken nor protruding. Eyelids are black and tight-fitting, never sagging. The colour varies from dark to medium brown, depending on the colour of the coat. They should never be light.

眼睛：略呈椭圆形，中等到大，分的较开，但不能凹陷也不能凸出。眼睑为黑色且紧致，绝不下垂。颜色从黑色到中褐色不等，取决于毛色。眼睛颜色不能是浅色。

Ears: Medium sized, set well apart, with short and fine hair. They fall naturally on each side of the head. If folded, they are in the shape of a rose. They are set on slightly above eye level. Ears set too high and very close on the head are considered unusual. In countries were cropping is allowed, they must stand erect.

耳朵：中等大小，耳距分的较开，覆有短而细的毛发。耳朵自然垂于头部两侧，如卷起，呈玫瑰耳。耳朵稍高于眼睛水平线，位置太高或距离太近都不正常。在允许裁耳的国家，耳朵必须是直立的。

NECK:

Shorter than the length of the head. Skin on the underside is loose, forming a slight dewlap. Solid and straight, it tends to be cylindrical and muscular.

颈部：长度比头部短，下面的皮肤松弛，形成轻微垂肉。颈部结实笔直，应该是圆柱形且肌肉发达。

BODY: 躯干

BODY: Long, broad and deep.

躯干：长，宽且深。

Topline：Straight, without deformations and sustained by well developed but barely visible muscles. Rising slightly from the withers to the croup. The height at the croup is 1 – 2 cms more than the height at the withers. 

背线：直，没有变形，肌肉发达但肉眼几乎注意不到。从马肩隆至臀部逐渐上升。臀部高度超过肩高1-2厘米。

Croup: Medium length, broad and rounded. Should not be long as this would limit movement. The female is usually broader.

臀：中等长度，宽阔且圆，其长度不应该影响犬只运动。母犬通常更宽些。

Chest: With great capacity and well defined pectoral muscles. Seen from both the front and the side, it should be well let down to at least the elbow. Thoracic perimeter is usually equal to the height at the withers plus 45%. Well sprung ribcage.

胸：拥有巨大空间和良好的胸肌，从正面和侧面看，胸部应良好下沉到肘部的位置。胸廓周长通常等于肩高再加45%。胸腔扩张良好。

Underline and belly: Slightly tucked up, never sagging. The flanks are only slightly pronounced.

下腹部：略收紧，绝不下垂。侧腹略明显。

TAIL: Thick base, tapering to the tip, down to the hock but no longer. Medium set on. In action it rises like a sabre, but without curling nor leaning towards the back. At rest it hangs straight with a slight curve at the tip.

尾：尾根粗，至尾尖逐渐变细，长度至跗关节但不可再长。位置适中。运动时似军刀上扬，但不能卷曲或紧贴后背。休息时尾巴下垂，尾尖略弯曲。

LIMBS: 四肢

FOREQUARTERS: 前躯

Shoulder : Well laid back.

肩：向后倚。

Upper arm: Well angulated, oblique.

上臂：角度良好，倾斜。

Forearm: Well balanced, straight. Strong boned and well muscled.

前臂：协调、笔直。骨量好，肌肉发达。

Elbow: Must be neither too close to the ribs nor sticking out.

肘部：必须不能太靠近肋骨或外翻。

Metacarpus (Pastern): Very solid and slightly sloping.

掌骨（前腿附关节）：非常结实，略微倾斜。

Forefeet: Cat feet with rounded toes, not too close together. Well developed and black pads. Nails are dark, white nails should be avoided, although they can occur in function of coat colour.

前足：猫足，趾圆但不能太紧。发育良好的黑色脚垫。趾甲深色，白色趾甲应避免，尽管会随毛色出现。

LIMBS: 四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 后躯

General appearance: Seen from behind, strong and parallel, without deviation.

整体外观：从后面看，强壮，平行，不偏斜。

Thigh: Long and well muscled thighs.

大腿：长，肌肉发达。

Stifle (Knee): Angulation not very pronounced but should not be insufficient.

膝关节：角度并不明显但也不能缺乏。

Metatarsus (Rear pastern): Always well let down.

后掌骨: 总是向下。

Hind feet: Slightly longer than the front feet, otherwise identical.

后足：比前足略长，或者相同。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

On the move, the Dogo Canario is agile and supple and should cover a lot of ground. Long reach. The tail is carried low and the head is carried only a little above the level of the back. When alert, the head and tail are carried high.

步态/动态：

运动时，加纳利獒犬敏捷、柔软且应覆盖大量地面。向前延伸充分。尾巴位置低，头部的位置仅略微高出背线。警惕时，头部和尾部都高高举起。

SKIN: Thick and elastic. More loose on and around the neck. When alert, the skin on the head forms symmetrical wrinkles which fan out from the furrow between the front lobes.

皮肤：厚而有弹性。脖子上和脖子上更宽松。当警觉时，头部的皮肤形成对称的皱纹，从前叶之间的皱纹中挤出。

COAT: 被毛

Hair:  Short, coarse, flat with no undercoat (it can appear on neck and on back of the thighs). Rather coarse to the touch. Very short and fine on the ears; slightly longer on the withers and on the back of thighs.

毛质：短、粗、平，无底毛（可能出现在颈部和大腿后面），摸起来相当粗糙。耳朵毛发非常短和细；肩和大腿后面毛发略长。

Colour: All shades of brindle, from warm dark brown to pale grey or blond. All shades of fawn to sandy. White marks are acceptable on the chest, at the base of the neck or throat, forefeet and toes of hind feet, but these should be kept to a minimum. The mask is always black, and should not spread above eye level.

毛色: 所有色调的虎斑，从温暖的深棕到浅灰或金色。所有色调的黄褐色，从驼色到沙色。白斑允许出现在胸部、颈部或喉部下方、前足和后足脚趾，但应限制在最少。面罩通常是黑色，不应延伸至眼睛以上。

SIZE AND WEIGHT: 尺寸和重量

Height at the withers:

Males : 60 - 66 cms.

Females: 56 - 62 cms.

For very typical specimens, a tolerance of 2 cm. over or under these limits is accepted.

肩高：公犬 60-66厘米，母犬 56-62厘米。对于非常典型的犬，±2厘米可接受。

Weight:

Minimum: Males: 50 kgs.  Females: 40 kgs.

Maximum: Males: 65 kgs.  Females: 55 kgs.

重量：

最低：公犬50公斤、母犬40公斤。

最高：公犬65公斤、母犬55公斤。

FAULTS: 缺陷

FAULTS: Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

  • Pincer bite.

缺陷：任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度及其对犬的健康和福利的影响成比例。

  • 水平咬合。

SEVERE FAULTS: 严重缺陷

  • Any fault is considered severe when affecting the expression and limiting the type of the dog.

  • Incorrect head proportions.

  • Extremely convergent facial-cranial lines (over pronounced stop)

  • Loins and withers of the same height.

  • Incorrect position of limbs.

  • Square profile.

  • Triangular head, narrow (not cube shape).

  • Thin, curled or deformed tail. Set on high.

  • Saddle or roach back.

  • Light eyes (yellow), very close together or oblique, sunken or protruding.

  • Excessive undershot mouth.

  • Insufficient mask.

  • Missing teeth (except P1).

  • 任何影响到犬只典型类型的缺陷都是严重缺陷。

  • 不正确的头部比例。

  • 极度收敛的面颅部线条（额段过于明显）。

  • 腰部高度和肩高相等。

  • 方形轮廓。

  • 三角形头部，窄（非立方体形状）。

  • 瘦、卷曲或变形的尾巴。位置太高。

  • 马鞍背或弓背。

  • 浅色眼睛（黄色），两眼距离太近或斜，下陷或凸出。

  • 过度地包天。

  • 面罩不充分。

  • 缺牙（P1除外）.

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷

  • Aggressive or overly shy dogs.

  • Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

  • Total depigmented nose.

  • Unacceptable white marks.

  • Overshot mouth.

  • Croup lower than withers. Sloping topline.

  • Blue eyes or unmatched in colour.

  • Cropped tail.

  • 身体明显畸形或行为明显失常均视为失格。

  • 鼻子完全无着色。

  • 不认可的白斑。

  • 上牙超过下牙。

  • 臀部低于肩部。背线倾斜。

  • 蓝眼或与毛色不符。

  • 断尾。

N.B.：

  • Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

  • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

  • 公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸

  • 只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。

▲ 犬只各部位名称（FCI标准通用）

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