2020ASCO卵巢癌PARP抑制剂指南重磅公布! 海量临床数据直击五大临床问题!

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女性一生中患卵巢癌的风险约为1/78,死于卵巢癌的风险约为1/108,85%-90%的卵巢癌的起源于上皮,70%的上皮性卵巢癌是高度浆液性(HGS)腺癌。手术和紫杉烷+铂类是卵巢癌的主要治疗方法,但大多数晚期上皮性卵巢癌,输卵管癌或原发性腹膜癌(以下简称EOC)的女性仍会复发。17%的EOC患者具有BRCA1和BRCA2基因的胚系突变,7%患者中可见BRCA1和BRCA2的体系突变。约41%-50%的EOC表现出与DNA损伤和复制修复有关的同源重组缺陷(HRD)。PARP抑制剂(PARPis)在EOC的治疗和管理中起着重要作用:

  • 2014年,美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准了首款PARPi奥拉帕利(olaparib)用于四线及以上gBRCA EOC的治疗;

  • 2016年,Rucaparib获得FDA批准用于治疗g / sBRCA复发性疾病。

  • 2017年,FDA批准了尼拉帕利和奥拉帕尼作为对铂类化疗后有完全或部分反应患者的维持疗法……

此后,FDA扩大了PARPis的监管批准,从而使更多患者受益于这些药物并在更早的时候获得治疗。近日,ASCO PARPi应用指南重磅公布,对PARPis临床应用常见的五大类问题进行了解读与指导。

临床问题1:

在EOC治疗过程中,能否重复使用PARPi进行治疗?

建议1●●

目前不建议在EOC的治疗中重复使用PARPi,应考虑每个EOC患者使用PARPi的最佳时间, 鼓励参加临床试验。

建议类型:非正式共识,利大于弊;证据级别:不足;推荐强度:强。

附录表1:PARPis治疗EOC疗效的临床试验

临床问题1:

在EOC治疗过程中,能否重复使用PARPi进行治疗?

a.推荐使用PARPis的EOC组织类型是什么?

B.建议使用PARPis的生物标志物有哪些?

建议2●●

不建议将PARPis用于早期(即I-II期)EOC的初始治疗,因为没有足够的证据支持该人群获益于PARPis。

建议类型:非正式共识;利大于弊;证据级别:不足;推荐强度:强。

2.1

对于新诊断的携带BRCA1和BRCA2胚系或体系突变的III-IV期EOC患者,一线铂类化疗后CR / PR的患者,可使用奥拉帕尼等进行PARPi维持治疗(PARPi维持疗法包括奥拉帕利口服,每12小时300毫克,为期2年;或尼拉帕利每日200-300毫克,为期3年。特定个体中可以考虑更长的持续时间),高级浆液性或子宫内膜样卵巢癌可使用尼拉帕利维持治疗。

建议类型:基于证据,利大于弊;证据质量:高;推荐强度:强。

2.2

对于携带BRCA1和BRCA2胚系或体系突变的III-IV期高度浆液性或子宫内膜样卵巢癌患者,化疗加贝伐单抗联合治疗获得CR / PR的患者,可采用贝伐单抗联合奥拉帕利进行维持治疗。

建议类型:循证,利大于弊;证据级别:强;推荐强度:

2.3

不建议将PARPis用于早期(即I-II期)EOC的初始治疗,因为没有足够的证据支持该人群获益于PARPis。

建议类型:非正式共识;利大于弊;证据级别:不足;推荐强度:强。

附录表2:新诊断EOC维持治疗研究数据

附录图1:未使用过PARPi的患者PARPi使用机会

注:推荐使用颜色编码:橙色表示推荐;绿色表示使用中关注注意事项。Bev,,贝伐单抗; CT,卡铂和紫杉醇;BRCAm:BRCA1 / 2突变。

临床问题3:

在哪些情况(二线、复发)可采用PARPi单一疗法进行维持治疗?剂量和持续时间?

建议3●●

尚未接受PARPi治疗的铂敏感EOC患者(无论BRCA突变状态如何)可采用PARPi单药治疗(二线以上),治疗仍持续到疾病进展或毒副作用不耐受为止。

治疗可采用奥拉帕利每12小时300毫克;rucaparib每12小时600毫克;尼拉帕利每日一次,200-300mg。

建议类型:基于证据,利大于弊;证据级别:高;推荐强度:强。

3.1

对于携带BRCA1和BRCA2胚系或体系突变、尚未接受PARPi治疗的复发性EOC患者,可采用PARPi治疗。

治疗可采用奥拉帕利每12小时300毫克;rucaparib每12小时600毫克;尼拉帕利每日一次,200-300mg。

建议类型:基于证据,利大于弊;证据级别:高;推荐强度:强。

3.2

根据Myriad myChoice CDx的测定,铂类疗法治疗后6个月内未复发、

尚未接受PARPi且肿瘤表现出基因组稳定的复发性EOC患者可采用PARPi单一疗法治疗。

建议类型:基于证据,利大于弊;证据级别:高;推荐强度:强。

3.3

不建议使用PARPis治疗BRCA野生型(BRCAwt)或铂耐药的复发性EOC

建议类型:循证医学,利大于弊;证据级别:高;推荐强度:强。

附录表3:复发性卵巢癌的治疗数据

表4:复发性铂敏感卵巢癌患者的维持治疗数据

临床问题4:

是否有推荐PARPi与化疗或其他靶向治疗进行联合治疗?

建议4●●

不建议在临床试验范围之外将PARPis与化疗或其他靶向药物、免疫药物联合使用。鼓励临床试验的参与。

建议类型:非正式共识,弊大于利;证据级别:不足;推荐强度:中等

临床问题5: 

临床医生应如何管理PARPis的各种毒副作用?

建议5●●

对于贫血患者,血红蛋白水平8 g / dL需要输血以缓解症状并进行血红蛋白水平的监测。同事应当减少PARPi剂量,避免反复出现贫血多次输血。

根据ASCO指南以及患者具体情况,可以酌情为进行性贫血患者提供生长因子。

建议类型:非正式共识,利大于弊;证据级别:不足;推荐强度:中等。

5.1中性粒细胞减少

每天接受PARPi治疗、发生中性粒细胞减少的患者,没有证据表明可采用表明生长因子;

4级中性粒细胞减少持续 5-7天或伴有发烧患者,应暂停PARPi治疗,感染恢复和粒细胞计数恢复后可以恢复使用并可酌情减少剂量。在这种情况下,中断治疗期间可以使用生长因子保证患者的安全。

建议类型:非正式共识,利大于弊;证据级别:不足;推荐强度:中等。

5.2血小板减少

血小板减少症最常见于尼拉帕利。在使用尼拉帕利时,应该基于体重和血小板计数,采用指南推荐的较低的起始剂量(200毫克)。

剂量减少,但仍然出现持续性血小板减少或明显出血应中断PARPi治疗。

建议类型:非正式共识,利大于弊;证据质量:不足;推荐强度:中等。

5.3持续性血细胞减少

药物治疗期间发生持续性血细胞减少症的患者,应首先对与治疗相关的MDS / AML进行评估。

建议类型:非正式共识,利大于弊;证据级别:不足;推荐强度:中等。

5.4恶心

在治疗的第一个周期中,许多患者会出现恶心症状,持续的恶心症状需要每天止吐,避免导致体力状态下降。体重减轻5%应减少剂量。

建议类型:非正式共识,利大于弊;证据级别:不足;推荐强度:中等。

附录表5:随机对照试验中的3/4级不良事件

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