英语里时间状语从句的用法大全

英语里总共有三大类从句,即名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。

我们之前已经分享过名词性从句和定语从句的内容:

名词性从句

主要包括四类(请戳下面的标题回顾相关的具体内容):

主语从句

宾语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

定语从句

分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,具体可参看(请戳下面的标题回顾相关的具体内容):

一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法(一)

一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法(二)

一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法(三)

接下来,我们继续分享状语从句的用法。

一、定义

顾名思义,状语从句就是指句子中的状语原本是由单词或短语来充当的,但当状语是由句子来充当时,这个充当状语的句子就叫状语从句。如:

  • He left the party at eight.

  • He left the party when it was eight.

第一句中的at eight是时间状语,是由短语来充当的。

第二句中的when it was eight也是时间状语,但是由句子来充当的,这个句子就叫(时间)状语从句。

二、分类

英语里的状语总共有九种,即:时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、比较、方式、让步。而英语里的状语从句也因此包括这九种,接下去我们就一一来梳理这九种从句的用法。需要注意的是,状语从句的学习其实就是有关连接这些状语从句的连接副词的学习。

三、时间状语从句

常连接时间状语从句的连接词有:

  • when, while, as;

  • before, after;

  • as soon as, hardly...when..., no sooner...than...;

  • till, until;

  • since;

  • by, by the time, by the end of。

(一)when、while和as的用法

三者都表示“当...时候”,需要注意的是:

1、当所要描述的动作或状态发生的时间是现在时间时

1)when要采用“主将从现”的原则,即:主句谓语动词采用一般将来时,从句谓语动词采用一般现在时。如:

  • When he comes, I will tell him the good news.

需要注意的是,此时的从句谓语动词虽然采用的是一般现在时,但其实是表将来的。如上句中的he comes,他其实还没来。

此外,主句也有可能是祈使句或是含有情态动词的句子。如:

  • When he comes, please tell him the good news.

  • When he comes, you can tell him the good news.

2)as的用法跟when差不多,但其主句谓语动词也可以使用一般现在时。如:

  • A sudden chill of horror sweeps over her as she feels the drip of saliva upon her hand. (当她感觉到滴到她双手上的唾液时,恐怖的寒栗突然遍布了她全身。)

3)while所在的句子主从句的谓语动词一般都采用现在进行时。如:

  • While my mother is cooking in the kitchen, my father is working in the garden.

2、当所要描述的动作或状态发生的时间是过去时间时

1)when所在的从句谓语动词一般采用一般过去时,主句谓语动词采用过去进行时或是一般过去时。如:

  • When he entered the room, she was playing the piano.

  • But when I returned the door was open.

需要注意的是,when也有可能表示“正在这时”。如:

  • I was walking in the park, when a little child bumped into me. (我正在公园里散步,这时一个小孩撞到了我怀里。)

2)as与while的用法差不多,即:as和while所在的句子的谓语动词一般用过去进行时,而另外一个句子的谓语动词则采用过去进行时或一般过去时。如:

  • As/While the royal visitors were passing by, the crowd burst into cheers.

  • As/While she was reading in the study, he was watching TV in the living room.

(二)before和after的用法

before表示“在...之前”,after表示“在...之后”。使用时要注意要描述的动作或状态时基于现在时间还是过去时间。

1、基于现在时间

这时,其用法基本遵循时间状语从句的“主将从现原则”,即before或after所在的从句谓语动词采用一般现在时,其主句谓语动词采用一般将来时。如:

  • Before the guests come, we will have to clean the house.

  • After he comes, we will set out for Shanghai.

2、基于过去时间

这时,before所在的从句谓语动词要采用一般过去时,其主句谓语动词要采用过去完成时,而after所在的从句谓语动词要采用过去完成时,其主句谓语动词要采用一般过去时。如:

  • Before it began to rain, she had already arrived home.

  • After she had arrived home, it began to rain.

(三)“一...就...”的表达

英语里常用来表“一...就...”的结构主要有:as soon as, hardly...when..., no sooner...than...。、

1、as soon as

as soon as既可以用在现在时间中,也可以用在过去时间中。当用在现在时间中时,遵循“主将从现”的原则;当用在过去时间中时,as soon as所在的从句谓语动词采用一般过去时,其主句谓语动词采用一般过去时或过去完成时(如果要强调主从句谓语动作的连续性很强,则采用一般过去时)。如:

  • 现在时间:As soon as she comes to the party, we will give her a big surprise.

  • 过去时间:As soon as he got to the station, the train left/had left.

2、hardly...when...和no sooner...than...

这两个句型都表示“一...就...”,而且用法都差不多,即when和than所在的从句谓语动词采用一般过去时,其主句谓语动词采用过去完成时。如:

  • He had hardly arrived at school when the class began.

  • He had no sooner arrived at school than the class began.

需要注意的是,hardly有时可以换成scarcely或rarely或barely。

3、特殊表达

英语中用来表达“一...就...”的结构还有:the moment/instant/minute/second...;immediately/instantly/directly...;at/on等。如:

  • He came directly I called.

  • The moment she gets off the bus, we will give her a big hug.

  • On hearing the news, he burst into cries.

(四)till和until

都表示“直到...时候”,两者一般可以相互替换,但till多用于肯定句,until多用于否定句。如:

  • She will stay in the office till he comes back.

  • She won't leave the office until he comes back.

需要注意的是,until常与not搭配使用,而且会用在强调句中。如:

  • He didn't arrive until the film had already begun.

  • It was not until the film had already begun that he arrived.

(五)since

当since用来引导时间状语从句时,意思是“自从...以来”,其往往被当作是主句谓语动词要采用完成时的标志性时间状语。如:

  • Since he was born, he has lived here for over eighty years.

  • Since we last met, we haven't seen each other for more than ten years.

(六)by、by the time和by the end of

这组结构都表示“到...时候为止”,其主句谓语动词一般都要采用完成时。需要注意的是,这些结构后面所接的时间不同,主句谓语动词就要采用不同的完成时态。

1、后接将来时间

这时,主句谓语动词一般要采用将来完成时或将来完成进行时。如:

  • He will have read ten books by next Friday this month.

  • She will have been learning English for ten years by the end of this term.

  • They will have already left by the time she comes.

2、后接过去时间

这时,主句谓语动词一般要采用过去完成时。如:

  • They had learned English for ten years by last Saturday.

  • The students had already left the party by the time she arrived.

  • We had worked on the bridge for two years by the end of last month.

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