美疾控中心：如何选择、佩戴、清洁面罩及保护自己
翻译自：美国疾控中心官网
1、How to Select, Wear, and Clean Your Mask
如何选择、佩戴和清洁面罩
Wear masks with two or more layers to stop the spread of COVID-19
Wear mask over your nose and mouth and secure it under your chin
Masks should be worn by people two years and older
Masks should NOT be worn by children younger than two, people who have trouble breathing, or people who cannot remove the mask without assistance. 两岁以下的孩子、呼吸困难的人或没有帮助不能取下口罩的人不应戴口罩 Do NOT wear masks intended for healthcare workers, for example, N95 respirators. 请勿佩戴适合医护人员的口罩，例如N95 呼吸器 CDC does not recommend the use of gaiters or face shields. Evaluation of these face covers is on-going but effectiveness is unknown at this time. CDC 不建议使用护罩或面罩。这些面罩的评估正在进行中，但目前效果尚不得而知
How to Select 如何选择
Whenselecting a mask, there are many choices. Here are some do’s and don’ts. 选择面罩时，有许多选择。这里有一些做法对比。
选择这样的面罩
不要选择这样的面罩
注意两种情况
儿童特殊注意情况
戴眼镜特殊情况
How to Wear如何佩戴
Do wear a mask that保证佩戴口罩
紧贴脸部两侧、覆盖鼻子、嘴巴、下巴
How NOT to wear a mask如何不戴口罩，见图示：
How to take off a mask 如何摘下面罩
1、小心地解开脑后的弦或或拉长耳圈；2、只通过耳挂或领带来处理；3、折叠外角；4、摘掉面罩后，不要触碰眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴，并立即洗手。
How to Clean如何清洁面罩
见下图：
2、How to Protect Yourself & Others
如何保护自己和他人
Know how it spreads了解传播
The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus. 预防疾病的最佳方法是避免接触这种病毒 The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person. 病毒被认为主要在人际传播 Between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet). 彼此亲密接触的人之间（约6英尺内） Through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. 通过呼吸道水当感染者咳嗽、打喷嚏或说话时产生 These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. 这些水滴可以降落在附近或可能吸入肺部的人的嘴或鼻子 Some recent studies have suggested that COVID-19 may be spread by people who are not showing symptoms.
Everyone Should每个人都应该
Wash your hands often 常洗手
Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds especially after you have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing. 经常用肥皂和水洗手至少20秒，尤其是在公共场所或鼻涕、咳嗽或打喷嚏之后。 It’s especially important to wash: 清洗很重要 Before eating or preparing food 进食或准备食物前 Before touching your face 触摸你的脸之前 After using the restroom 使用洗手间后 After leaving a public place 离开公共场所后 After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing 鼻涕、咳嗽或打喷嚏后 After handling your mask处理面罩后 After changing a diaper换尿布后 After caring for someone sick 照顾病人后 After touching animals or pets 触摸动物或宠物后 If soap and water are not readily available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Cover all surfaces of your hands and rub them together until they feel dry. 如果肥皂和水不易获得，请使用含有至少60%酒精的洗手液。覆盖手的所有表面，揉在一起，直到它们感到干燥。 Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. 避免用未洗过的手触摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴
Inside your home: Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
If possible, maintain 6 feet between the person who is sick and other household members.
在您的家中：避免与生病的人保持密切联系。
如果可能，在病人和其他家庭成员之间保持6英尺。
Outside your home: Put 6 feet of distance between yourself and people who don’t live in your household.
把自己和不住在你家的人的距离放在6英尺远的地方
Remember that some people without symptoms may be able to spread virus.请记住，一些没有症状的人可能能够传播病毒
Stay at least 6 feet (about 2 arms’ length) from other people.
Keeping distance from others is especially important for people who are at higher risk of getting very sick.
远离其他人至少6英尺（约2臂长）
与别人保持距离，这对于患重病风险较高的人尤其重要。
Cover your mouth and nose with a mask when around others
在别人身边时用口罩捂住嘴和鼻子
You could spread COVID-19 to others even if you do not feel sick.
即使你不觉得不舒服，你也可以把COVID-19传播给其他人
The mask is meant to protect other people in case you are infected.
口罩的目的是保护其他人，以防你被感染
Everyone should wear a mask in public settings and when around people who don’t live in your household, especially when other social distancing measures are difficult to maintain.
每个人都应该在公共场所和周围那些不住在你家的人身边戴口罩，尤其是当其他社交距离措施难以维持的时候。
Masks should not be placed on young children under age 2, anyone who has trouble breathing, or is unconscious, incapacitated or otherwise unable to remove the mask without assistance.
不应将口罩放在2岁以下的儿童、呼吸困难或失去知觉、无行为能力或无法在没有协助的情况下取出口罩的任何人身上。
Do NOT use a mask meant for a healthcare worker. Currently, surgical masks and N95 respirators are critical supplies that should be reserved for healthcare workers and other first responders.
不要使用适合医护人员的口罩。目前，外科口罩和N95呼吸器是关键用品，应预留给医护人员和其他急救人员。
Continue to keep about 6 feet between yourself and others. The mask is not a substitute for social distancing.
继续保持你和其他人之间的约6英尺。面具不能代替社交距离
Cover coughs and sneezes
捂住咳嗽和打喷嚏
Always cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze or use the inside of your elbow and do not spit.
咳嗽或打喷嚏或使用肘部内侧时，请始终用纸巾捂嘴和鼻子,不要吐痰。
Throw used tissues in the trash. 把用过的纸巾扔进垃圾桶
Immediately wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not readily available, clean your hands with a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.
立即用肥皂和水洗手至少20秒。如果肥皂和水不易获得，请用含有至少 60% 酒精的洗手液清洁双手。
Clean and disinfect 清洁和消毒
Clean AND disinfect frequently touched surfaces daily. This includes tables, doorknobs, light switches, countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, faucets, and sinks.
每天清洁和消毒经常接触的表面。这包括桌子、门把手、灯开关、台面、把手、书桌、电话、键盘、厕所、水龙头和水槽。
If surfaces are dirty, clean them. Use detergent or soap and water prior to disinfection.
如果表面脏污，请清洁。消毒前使用洗涤剂或肥皂和水。
Then, use a household disinfectant. 然后使用家用消毒剂