每课一句：新概念英语第1册第141课
【往期回顾】
接下来，我们就来看看第141课的“每课一句”。
一、课文原文
Lesson 141 Sally’s first train ride
Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children’s party. I decided to take her by train. Sally was very excited because she had never traveled on a train before. She sat near the window and asked questions about everything she saw. Suddenly, a middle-aged lady got on the train and sat opposite Sally.
“Hello, little girl,” she said. Sally did not answer, but looked at her curiously.
The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat. After the train had left the station, the lady opened her handbag and took out her powder compact. She then began to make up her face.
“Why are you doing that?” Sally asked.
“To make myself beautiful,” the lady answered. She put away her compact and smiled kindly.
“But you are still ugly.” Sally said. Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed!
——选自《新概念英语》第一册，外语教学与研究出版社，1997年10月第1版
二、每课一句
Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party.
本课学习的是被动语态的用法。
一、两个概念
要想掌握被动语态的用法，就得先了解两个基本概念，即：
1、施动者
动作的发出者。
2、受动者
动作的承受者。
比如：
He broke the window yesterday.
句中的he就是施动者，因为broke的动作是he发出的；而the window就是受动者，因为它承受了broke的动作。
二、构成方式
了解了施动者和受动者的概念后，我们就可以来学习被动语态的基本构成方式了，即：
受动者+be done by+施动者+其他成分
所以，在第一部分中的句子改为被动结构后应该是这样的：
The window was broken by him yesterday.
三、不同时态中的被动语态
在第二部分中，当我们把句子改为被动语态后，其中的be的形式变化，其实体现的就是被动语态的时态变化。而be的时态变化是由主动语态的原句中的谓语动词来决定的。
在本课中，主要学习被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时的用法。
（一）一般现在时中
如：
主动：He repairs the car regularly.
被动：The car is repaired by him regularly.
再比如：
主动：They empty the basket every Saturday.
被动：The basket is emptied by them every Saturday.
（二）一般过去时中
如：
主动：I met him at the station this morning.
被动：He was met at the station by me this morning.
再比如：
主动：She shut the window just now.
被动：The window was shut by her just now.
三、更多拓展
Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed!
英语中有一类动词表示“使...，让...”，叫做使役动词。它们的过去分词往往会形容词化，与系动词一起连用，此时表面上看起来是被动结构，实际上是用来表达人们的主观情绪情感的，所以它们后面往往不会再跟被动结构“by+施动者”。
比如上句话中的amused（愉快的；觉得好笑的），其实是使役动词amuse的过去分词，在这里已经形容词化，用来表达Sally当时的心情。
而embarrassed（尴尬的；局促不安的）其实是使役动词embarrass的过去分词，在这里也已经形容词化，用来表达作者I当时的心情。
