莫奈眼中的老师,印象派的直接启蒙者,荷兰画家约翰·琼坎德油画欣赏

·Johan Barthold Jongkind

约翰·巴索尔德·琼坎德

荷兰画家, (1819-1891)

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约翰·巴索尔德·琼坎德(Johan Barthold Jongkind 1819~1891年)是荷兰画家和版画家。他自由地画海洋景观,被认为是印象派的先驱。常用水彩进行户外写生,然后再加工为油画,他的油画保持了写生稿的生动性,色彩感觉极佳。

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Jongkind出生在荷兰的奥维西尔省的拉特罗普镇,靠近德国边境。1846年,他在海牙的艺术学院接受安德烈亚斯·舍尔福Andreas Schelfhout)的培训,之后移居法国巴黎的蒙帕纳斯(Montparnasse),在尤金·伊莎贝(EugèneIsabey)和弗朗索瓦·爱德华·皮克(François-ÉdouardPicot)的指导下学习。两年后,巴黎沙龙接受了他的作品参加展览,得到了评论家查尔斯·鲍德莱尔(Charles Baudelaire)和后来的埃米尔·佐拉(ÉmileZola)的好评。然而,他几乎没有成功,他还经历了一系列抑郁症,并伴有酗酒。

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Jongkind于1855年回到鹿特丹,并在那里居住直到1860年。1861年回到巴黎,他在蒙帕纳斯(Montparnasse)的Chevreuse街上租了一个工作室,在那里他的一些画作开始显现出即将来临的印象派风格。
1862年,他在诺夫底的翁弗勒尔(Honfleur)著名的圣西蒙(Saint-Siméon)遇见了他的一些艺术家朋友,例如阿尔弗雷德·西斯莱(Alfred Sisley),欧仁·布丹(EugèneBoudin)和年轻的克劳德·莫奈(Claude Monet),Jongkind曾为他们担任导师。Jongkind可以说是印象派的直接启蒙者。莫奈后来称他为“ ...一个沉默寡言的人,他的才能无以言表”,并将自己眼中的“权威教育”归功于Jongkind。1863年,Jongkind拒绝在第一届的沙龙中展出。1874年他受邀参加印象派团体的第一次展览,但他也拒绝了。
1878年,Jongkind和他的同伴约泽·菲尼·费瑟(José Phine Fesser)移居到法国东南部伊塞尔省格勒诺布尔附近的小镇La Côte-Saint-André居住。他于1891年在同一省的圣埃格里夫去世。他被安葬在La Côte-Saint-André的墓地。在阿姆斯特丹Overtoomse Veld Noord,一条街道是以他的名字命名,在以19世纪和20世纪荷兰画家命名的街道附近。
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