用 Python 写个消消乐小游戏
来源：Python 技术「ID: pythonall」
提到开心消消乐这款小游戏，相信大家都不陌生，其曾在 2015 年获得过玩家最喜爱的移动单机游戏奖，受欢迎程度可见一斑，本文我们使用 Python 来做个简单的消消乐小游戏。
实现
消消乐的构成主要包括三部分：游戏主体、计分器、计时器，下面来看一下具体实现。
先来看一下游戏所需 Python 库。
import osimport sysimport timeimport pygameimport random定义一些常量，比如：窗口宽高、网格行列数等，代码如下：
WIDTH = 400HEIGHT = 400NUMGRID = 8GRIDSIZE = 36XMARGIN = (WIDTH - GRIDSIZE * NUMGRID) // 2YMARGIN = (HEIGHT - GRIDSIZE * NUMGRID) // 2ROOTDIR = os.getcwd()FPS = 30接着创建一个主窗口，代码如下：
pygame.init()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))pygame.display.set_caption('消消乐')看一下效果：
再接着在窗口中画一个 8 x 8 的网格，代码如下：
screen.fill((255, 255, 220))# 游戏界面的网格绘制def drawGrids(self):for x in range(NUMGRID):for y in range(NUMGRID):rect = pygame.Rect((XMARGIN+x*GRIDSIZE, YMARGIN+y*GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE))self.drawBlock(rect, color=(255, 165, 0), size=1# 画矩形 block 框def drawBlock(self, block, color=(255, 0, 0), size=2):pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, color, block, size)看一下效果：
再接着在网格中随机放入各种拼图块，代码如下：
while True:self.all_gems = []self.gems_group = pygame.sprite.Group()for x in range(NUMGRID):self.all_gems.append([])for y in range(NUMGRID):gem = Puzzle(img_path=random.choice(self.gem_imgs), size=(GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE), position=[XMARGIN+x*GRIDSIZE, YMARGIN+y*GRIDSIZE-NUMGRID*GRIDSIZE], downlen=NUMGRID*GRIDSIZE)self.all_gems[x].append(gem)self.gems_group.add(gem)if self.isMatch()[0] == 0:break看一下效果：
再接着加入计分器和计时器，代码如下：
# 显示得分def drawScore(self):score_render = self.font.render('分数:'+str(self.score), 1, (85, 65, 0))rect = score_render.get_rect()rect.left, rect.top = (55, 15)self.screen.blit(score_render, rect)# 显示加分def drawAddScore(self, add_score):score_render = self.font.render('+'+str(add_score), 1, (255, 100, 100))rect = score_render.get_rect()rect.left, rect.top = (250, 250)self.screen.blit(score_render, rect)# 显示剩余时间def showRemainingTime(self):remaining_time_render = self.font.render('倒计时: %ss' % str(self.remaining_time), 1, (85, 65, 0))rect = remaining_time_render.get_rect()rect.left, rect.top = (WIDTH-190, 15)self.screen.blit(remaining_time_render, rect)看一下效果：
当设置的游戏时间用尽时，我们可以生成一些提示信息，代码如下：
while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_r:flag = Trueif flag:breakscreen.fill((255, 255, 220))text0 = '最终得分: %s' % scoretext1 = '按 R 键重新开始'y = 140for idx, text in enumerate([text0, text1]):text_render = font.render(text, 1, (85, 65, 0))rect = text_render.get_rect()if idx == 0:rect.left, rect.top = (100, y)elif idx == 1:rect.left, rect.top = (100, y)y += 60screen.blit(text_render, rect)pygame.display.update()看一下效果：
说完了游戏图形化界面相关的部分，我们再看一下游戏的主要处理逻辑。
我们通过鼠标来操纵拼图块，因此程序需要检查有无拼图块被选中，代码实现如下：
def checkSelected(self, position):for x in range(NUMGRID):for y in range(NUMGRID):if self.getGemByPos(x, y).rect.collidepoint(*position):return [x, y]return None我们需要将鼠标连续选择的拼图块进行位置交换，代码实现如下：
def swapGem(self, gem1_pos, gem2_pos):margin = gem1_pos[0] - gem2_pos[0] + gem1_pos[1] - gem2_pos[1]if abs(margin) != 1:return Falsegem1 = self.getGemByPos(*gem1_pos)gem2 = self.getGemByPos(*gem2_pos)if gem1_pos[0] - gem2_pos[0] == 1:gem1.direction = 'left'gem2.direction = 'right'elif gem1_pos[0] - gem2_pos[0] == -1:gem2.direction = 'left'gem1.direction = 'right'elif gem1_pos[1] - gem2_pos[1] == 1:gem1.direction = 'up'gem2.direction = 'down'elif gem1_pos[1] - gem2_pos[1] == -1:gem2.direction = 'up'gem1.direction = 'down'gem1.target_x = gem2.rect.leftgem1.target_y = gem2.rect.topgem1.fixed = Falsegem2.target_x = gem1.rect.leftgem2.target_y = gem1.rect.topgem2.fixed = Falseself.all_gems[gem2_pos[0]][gem2_pos[1]] = gem1self.all_gems[gem1_pos[0]][gem1_pos[1]] = gem2return True每一次交换拼图块时，我们需要判断是否有连续一样的三个及以上拼图块，代码实现如下：
def isMatch(self):for x in range(NUMGRID):for y in range(NUMGRID):if x + 2 < NUMGRID:if self.getGemByPos(x, y).type == self.getGemByPos(x+1, y).type == self.getGemByPos(x+2, y).type:return [1, x, y]if y + 2 < NUMGRID:if self.getGemByPos(x, y).type == self.getGemByPos(x, y+1).type == self.getGemByPos(x, y+2).type:return [2, x, y]return [0, x, y]当出现三个及以上拼图块时，需要将这些拼图块消除，代码实现如下：
def removeMatched(self, res_match):if res_match[0] > 0:self.generateNewGems(res_match)self.score += self.rewardreturn self.rewardreturn 0将匹配的拼图块消除之后，我们还需要随机生成新的拼图块，代码实现如下：
def generateNewGems(self, res_match):if res_match[0] == 1:start = res_match[2]while start > -2:for each in [res_match[1], res_match[1]+1, res_match[1]+2]:gem = self.getGemByPos(*[each, start])if start == res_match[2]:self.gems_group.remove(gem)self.all_gems[each][start] = Noneelif start >= 0:gem.target_y += GRIDSIZEgem.fixed = Falsegem.direction = 'down'self.all_gems[each][start+1] = gemelse:gem = Puzzle(img_path=random.choice(self.gem_imgs), size=(GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE), position=[XMARGIN+each*GRIDSIZE, YMARGIN-GRIDSIZE], downlen=GRIDSIZE)self.gems_group.add(gem)self.all_gems[each][start+1] = gemstart -= 1elif res_match[0] == 2:start = res_match[2]while start > -4:if start == res_match[2]:for each in range(0, 3):gem = self.getGemByPos(*[res_match[1], start+each])self.gems_group.remove(gem)self.all_gems[res_match[1]][start+each] = Noneelif start >= 0:gem = self.getGemByPos(*[res_match[1], start])gem.target_y += GRIDSIZE * 3gem.fixed = Falsegem.direction = 'down'self.all_gems[res_match[1]][start+3] = gemelse:gem = Puzzle(img_path=random.choice(self.gem_imgs), size=(GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE), position=[XMARGIN+res_match[1]*GRIDSIZE, YMARGIN+start*GRIDSIZE], downlen=GRIDSIZE*3)self.gems_group.add(gem)self.all_gems[res_match[1]][start+3] = gemstart -= 1之后反复执行这个过程，直至耗尽游戏时间，游戏结束。
最后，我们动态看一下游戏效果。
总结
本文我们使用 Python 实现了一个简单的消消乐游戏，有兴趣的可以对游戏做进一步扩展，比如增加关卡等。
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