这么简单 | 高中英语构词法必考点合集！
2024-08-02 20:23:57
学习构词法基础知识也是非常有好处的，那就是它可以使我们能够轻松认识更多单词，以一种巧妙的方式扩大词汇量，短期内记住更多的单词。今天，就和小简老师一起来学习构词法的基础知识吧！ 英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、合成法和派生法。 在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。 They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school. He shouldered his way through the crowd. The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. We will try our best to better our living conditions. They tried to perfect the working conditions. He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong. The old in our village are living a happy life. How long have you lived there? Warm clothes are a must in the mountains. Life is full of ups and downs. His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词。合成词一般看其词，知其意。 名词/代词 名词 newspaper blood-test she-wolf 动词 名词 typewriter pickpocket daybreak 形容词 名词 greenhouse highway 名词 v.-ing/v.-ing 名词 handwriting reading-room freezing-point 动词 副词/ 副词 动词 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome 名词 介词 名词 sister-in-law editor-in-chief 名词 形容词/形容词 名词 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term 副词 形容词 over-anxious evergreen 名词 过去分词 man-made sun-burnt 名词 现在分词 peace-loving English-speaking 形容词 现在分词 good-looking easy-going 副词 过去分词 well-informed widespread 副词 现在分词 hardworking far-reaching 形容词 名词 ed warm-hearted absent-minded 数词 名词 ed three-legged ten-storied 数词 名词 形容词 ten-year-old 800-meter-long 名词 to 名词 face –to-face door - to -door 副词 动词 outnumber underestimate overwork 介词＋名词 beforehand overhead 代词宾格＋self/selves herself themselves 物主代词＋self/selves myself yourselves 由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。 除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。 un- unhappy unfinished undress in- [il-(在字母l前)，im- (在字母m,b,p前)，ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular mis- misbehave mislead mistake en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage inter- “相互”international intercontinental re- “再，又，重”rethink retell recycle tele- “远程的”telescope telephone telegraph auto- “自动的”automatic automobile co- “共同”coworker cooperate coexist anti- “反对，抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor bi- “双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral micro- “极小的，微小的”microwave microcomputer over- “太多，过分”overwork overdo overestimate self- “自己，本身”self-centered self-confident self-control under- “在……下面，……下的，不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate -able “可……的，具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable -al “与……有关的”physical, magical, political -an “属于某地方的人”American African -ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern -ful/ less “（没）有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless -ish “如……的；有……特征的”foolish childish selfish -ive “有……倾向的”active attractive expensive -en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen -ous “有（性质）的”famous, dangerous, poisonous -ly “有……性质的”friendly yearly daily -y “构成形容词”noisy dusty cloudy -er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container -ese “某国（人）的”Chinese, Japanese -ian “某国、某地人；精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician -ist “某种主义或职业者”physicist, scientist, communist，socialist -ess “表女性，雌性”hostess, actress, princess -ment “行为或其状态”government, movement, achievement -ness “性质，状态”illness, sadness, carelessness -tion “动作，过程，结果”invention, organization, translation -ance/ ence “抽象；行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence -th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth -ful “（满的）量”handful, spoonful, mouthful -(a)bility “抽象、性质、状态”possibility, disability, reliability -al “过程、状态”survival, arrival, approval -y “性质、情况”modesty, delivery, honesty -dom “处于……状态；性质”freedom, boredom -age “状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage -fy / ify “使得；变得” simplify, beautify, purify -en “使成为；变得” shorten, deepen, sadden -ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize -ly “方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily -ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards -teen “十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen -ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty -th “序数词” twelfth, twentieth
