嫦娥5号月球探索器成功发射,开启“挖土”之旅 | 经济学人精讲第821期

文章导读

本文选自《经济学人》11月21日刊文章。11月24日凌晨4时30分,中国嫦娥5号探月装置成功在海南文昌发射场发射,这意味着中国太空探索又向前迈出重要一步。这次月球探索最关键的任务是从月球带回2公斤的采样,这是自1976年前苏联月球探测器送回过月球样品以来,首次将月球采样送回地球,这也是中国探月工程“绕、落、回”三步走中的收官之战,更是中国航天领域迄今为止最复杂、难度最大的任务之一。然而嫦娥5号的发射并非一帆风顺,它原本计划在2017年发射,但由于另一项太空项目的失败推迟了它的发射,也许正因为它的成功充满曲折,它在太空划过的光线才异常耀眼。

选文精讲

Mandate of heaven  天命
China plans to bring back the first Moon rocks for 40 years
中国计划带回40年来的首批月球岩石
If it succeeds, they will arrive in December
如果它能成功,这批月球岩石将于12月抵达(地球)
Nov 21st 2020 | BEIJING
IN JANUARY 2019, when a Chinese spacecraft called Chang’e 4 visited the Moon, the mission broke new ground, figuratively speaking, by landing on the far side of that orb, which is perpetually invisible from Earth and thus also out of direct radio contact. This meant communications had to be relayed by a satellite (which had been cunningly located (for the purpose) at a place) (where the interaction of the gravitational fields of Earth and Moon meant it could orbit a point in empty space.)
  • break new ground:  有了新的突破、开辟新天地
  • far side:  远端、背面
2019年1月,中国的“嫦娥4号”探测器造访月球,形象的说,该任务(在月球)开辟了新的处女地,它着陆在月球的远端,即地球永远无法看到月球的一面,因此也无法通过无线电直接联系。这意味着通讯必须由一颗卫星转播,而这颗卫星需要被巧妙地定位在一个位置,在地球和月球的重力场相互作用下,该位置的卫星可以在空旷的太空中绕某一点旋转。
China’s next lunar mission, by contrast, will break ground literally. Chang’e 5, scheduled for launch around November 24th, is intended to drill two metres down into the Moon’s surface, retrieve about 2kg of rock, and then return this to Earth. If successful, it will be the first lunar sample-return mission since 1976, when a Soviet probe called Luna 24 sent back a mere 170g of the stuff. And it will be another step forward in China’s space programme.
相比之下,中国的下一次探月任务将会真正地取得突破性进展。嫦娥五号定于11月24日左右发射,计划向月球表面钻2米深,回收约2公斤岩石,然后将这些岩石送回地球。如果成功,这将是自1976年以来的第一次月球采样送回地球的飞行任务,当时苏联的月球24号探测器只送回了170克的月球样本。这将是中国太空计划的向前迈出的又一步。
The Chang’e missions, named after a Chinese Moon goddess, have had their ups and downs. Chang’e 5 was originally scheduled for blast off in 2017, but the failure in July of that year of an otherwise-unrelated project that was, like Chang’e 5, using a Long March 5 as its launch vehicle, caused a delay. (Chang’e 4 used a different sort of launcher, a Long March 3B.) The “go” does, however, now seem to have been given. State media reported on November 17th that the rocket with Chang’e 5 on board has been moved to its launch pad at Wenchang space centre, on Hainan island.
  • ups and downs:沉浮、盛衰
  • blast off:点火发射
以中国的月宫仙子命名的“嫦娥”飞行任务经历了起起落落。嫦娥5号原本计划在2017年发射,但那年7月,一个与嫦娥5号无关的太空项目失败,而它所使用的长征5号运载火箭也是嫦娥5号所用的,这导致嫦娥5号发射推迟(嫦娥四号使用了一种不同的发射装置——长征三号乙运载火箭)。然而,现在看来确实下达了(嫦娥5号)“行动”的命令。据官方媒体11月17日报道,搭载嫦娥5号的火箭已被转移到位于海南岛文昌航天中心的发射台。

感谢阅读

(0)

相关推荐