I-S-I-S的常识归纳
Here's a look at Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).
今天让我们一起来了解一下伊拉克和叙利亚的伊斯兰国组织。
Started as an al Qaeda splinter group.
它最初是一个基地分裂组织。
Also known as Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and Islamic State (IS).
也被称为伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国(ISIL)和伊斯兰国(IS)
ISIS aims to create an Islamic state called a caliphate across Iraq, Syria and beyond.
ISIS的目标是在伊拉克、叙利亚和其他地方建立一个名为“哈里发国”的伊斯兰国。
The group implements Sharia Law, rooted in eighth-century Islam, to establish a society that mirrors the region's ancient past.
该组织实施植根于8世纪伊斯兰教的伊斯兰教法，以建立一个反映该地区古老历史的社会。
ISIS is known for killing dozens of people at a time and carrying out public executions, crucifixions and other acts.
众所周知，ISIS曾有一次杀死数十人，并公开处决、钉十字架等行为。
ISIS goes global: 90 attacks in 21 countries have killed nearly 1,400 people.
ISIS后来开始走向全球:21个国家共发生90起袭击，造成近1400人死亡。
ISIS uses modern tools like social media to promote reactionary politics and religious fundamentalism.
ISIS利用社交媒体等现代工具来宣传反动政治和宗教原教旨主义。
Fighters are destroying holy sites and valuable antiquities even as their leaders propagate a return to the early days of Islam.
战士们在各地摧毁圣地和珍贵的文物，尽管他们的领导人正在宣传回归伊斯兰教早期教义。
In 2014, ISIS controlled more than 34,000 square miles in Syria and Iraq, from the Mediterranean coast to south of Baghdad.
2014年，ISIS控制了叙利亚和伊拉克境内从地中海海岸到巴格达以南超过3.4万平方英里的地区。
In early 2016, the United States calculated that ISIS had lost 40% of its 34,000 square miles of territory.
2016年初，美国计算出ISIS失去了其3.4万平方英里领土的40%。
In 2015, ISIS was believed to be holding 3,500 people as slaves, according to a United Nationsreport.
根据联合国的一份报告，2015年，ISIS据信曾关押了3500人作为奴隶。
Most of the enslaved were women and children from the Yazidi community, but some were from other ethnic and religious minority communities.
被奴役的大多是来自雅兹迪社区的妇女和儿童，但也有一些来自其他少数民族和宗教社区。
ISIS's revenue comes from oil production and smuggling, taxes, ransoms from kidnappings, selling stolen artifacts, extortion and controlling crops.
ISIS的收入来自石油生产和走私、税收、绑架赎金、出售被盗文物、敲诈勒索和控制农作物等。
Abu Bakr al-Baghdad is reportedly based in Syria.
他们的首脑巴格达迪据说在叙利亚。
Baghdadi was detained for several months in Camp Bucca, which was a US-run prison in southern Iraq.
巴格达迪在布卡营被关押了几个月，布卡营是美国在伊拉克南部管理的监狱。
He was released in 2004.
他于2004年被释放。
2004 - Abu Musab al-Zarqawi establishes al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI).
2004年：扎卡维在伊拉克建立基地组织。
2006 - Under Zarqawi, al Qaeda in Iraq tries to spark a sectarian war against the majority Shia community.
2006年：在扎卡维的领导下，伊拉克的基地组织试图发动针对占人口多数的什叶派的宗派战争。
June 7, 2006 - Zarqawi is killed in a US strike. Abu Ayyub al-Masri takes his place as leader of AQI.
2006年6月7日:扎卡维在美国的一次空袭中丧生。马斯里接替他成为基地组织的领导人.
October 2006 - Masri announces the creation of Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), and establishes Abu Omar al-Baghdadi as its leader.
2006年10月：马斯里宣布成立伊拉克伊斯兰国(ISI)，并任命阿布·奥马尔·巴格达迪为其领导人。
April 2010 - Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi becomes leader of ISI after Abu Omar al-Baghdadi and Masri are killed in a joint US-Iraqi operation.
2010年4月：阿布·奥马尔·巴格达迪和马斯里在美伊联合行动中丧生后，阿布·巴克尔·巴格达迪成为三军情报局的头目。
April 2013 - ISI declares its absorption of an al Qaeda-backed militant group in Syria, Jabhat al-Nusra, also known as the al-Nusra Front.
2013年4月：ISI宣布其吸收了一个由基地组织支持的叙利亚武装组织，Jabhat al- nusra，也被称为阿尔·努斯拉阵线。
Baghdadi says that his group will now be known as Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS).
巴格达迪称他的组织将被称为“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国”。
January 2014 - ISIS takes control of Falluja.
2014年1月：ISIS控制了法鲁贾地区。
February 3, 2014 - Al Qaeda renounces ties to ISIS after months of infighting between al-Nusra Front and ISIS.
2014年2月3日：阿尔·努斯拉阵线与ISIS进行了数月的内讧后，断绝了与ISIS的联系。
May 2014 - ISIS kidnaps more than 140 Kurdish schoolboys in Syria, forcing them to take lessons in radical Islamic theology, according to London-based monitoring group Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
2014年5月：据总部位于伦敦的叙利亚人权观察组织称，ISIS在叙利亚绑架了140多名库尔德学童，强迫他们学习激进的伊斯兰神学。
June 9-11, 2014 - ISIS takes control of Mosul and Tikrit.
2014年6月9日到11日：ISIS控制了摩苏尔和提克里特地区。
June 20, 2014 - The UN announces that more than one million Iraqis have been displaced.
2014年6月20日：联合国宣布有一百多万伊拉克人流离失所。
June 21, 2014 - ISIS takes control of Al-Qaim, a town on the border with Syria, as well as three other Iraqi towns.
2014年6月21日：ISIS控制了与叙利亚接壤的城镇盖伊姆，以及伊拉克的另外三个城镇。
June 28, 2014 - Iraqi Kurdistan restricts border crossings into the region for refugees.
2014年6月28日:伊拉克库尔德斯坦限制难民通过边境进入该地区。
June 29, 2014 - ISIS announces the creation of a caliphate (Islamic state) that erases all state borders, making Baghdadi the self-declared authority over the world's estimated 1.5 billion Muslims. The group also announces a name change to the Islamic State (IS).
2014年6月29日：伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国(ISIS)宣布建立一个哈里发国(伊斯兰国)，消除所有国界，使巴格达迪成为世界上约15亿穆斯林的自封权威。该组织还宣布改变伊斯兰国的名称。
June 30, 2014 - The Pentagon announces the United States is sending an additional 300 troops to Iraq, bringing the total US forces in Iraq to nearly 800. Troops and military advisers are sent to Iraq to support Iraqi security forces and help protect the US Embassy and the airport in Baghdad.
2014年6月30日：五角大楼宣布，美国将向伊拉克增派300名士兵，使驻伊美军总数接近800人。军队和军事顾问被派往伊拉克，以支持伊拉克安全部队，并帮助保护美国驻巴格达大使馆和机场。
July 2014 - ISIS takes control of Syria's largest oilfield and seizes a gas field in the Homs Province, storming the facility and killing dozens of workers. Militants conquer a 90-mile stretch of Syrian towns, from Deir Ezzor to the Iraq border. In Mosul, they blow up Jonah's tomb, a holy site dating back to the 8th century BC.
20147月：ISIS控制了叙利亚最大的油田，并夺取了霍姆斯省的一个天然气田，袭击了该设施，造成数十名工人死亡。武装分子占领了90英里长的叙利亚城镇，从代尔祖尔到伊拉克边境。在摩苏尔，他们炸毁了约拿的坟墓，一个可以追溯到公元前8世纪的圣地。
......
January 16, 2019 - A deadly explosion kills four Americans and at least 10 other people in the Syrian city of Manbij. ISIS claims responsibility for the attack.
2019年1月16日：叙利亚城市曼比季发生致命爆炸，造成4名美国人和至少10人死亡。ISIS宣称对此次袭击负责。
March 23, 2019 - The Syrian Democratic Forces announces that ISIS has lost its final stronghold in Syria, bringing an end to the so-called caliphate declared in 2014.
2019年3月23日：叙利亚民主力量宣布，ISIS在叙利亚失去了最后一个据点，终结了2014年宣布成立的所谓“哈里发国”。
April 2019 - For the first time in five years, ISIS releases what it says is a new video message from its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
2019年4月：五年来，ISIS首次发布其领导人阿布·巴克尔·巴格达迪发布的新视频信息。
August 6, 2019 - The Pentagon issues a report saying that ISIS is "re-surging" in Syria, less than five months after Trump declared the terror group's caliphate there had been 100% defeated. An accompanying message to the report, written by Glenn Fine, the principal deputy inspector general, notes that, "The reduction of US forces has decreased the support available for Syrian partner forces at a time when their forces need more training and equipping to respond to the ISIS resurgence."
2019年8月6日：五角大楼发布的一份报告称，ISIS正在叙利亚“卷土重来”。不到5个月前，特朗普宣布该恐怖组织在叙利亚的哈里发国已被100%击败。报告附带的信息由首席副监察长格伦?法恩(Glenn Fine)撰写，他指出，“美国部队的减少减少了对叙利亚伙伴部队的支持，而他们的部队需要更多的训练和装备，以应对ISIS的卷土重来。”
August 21, 2019 - US Secretary of Defense Mark Esper states that ISIS is not "in a resurgent state in Syria" despite the Pentagon report.
2019年8月21日：美国国防部长马克·埃斯珀表示，尽管五角大楼发布了这份报告，但ISIS并没有“在叙利亚处于复苏状态”。
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