骨科英文书籍精读(289)|​股骨远端骨折

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SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR

Supracondylar fractures of the femur are encountered (a) in young adults, usually as a result of high energy trauma, and (b) in elderly, osteoporotic individuals.

Mechanism and pathological anatomy 

Direct violence is the usual cause. The fracture line is just above the condyles, but may extend between them. In the worst cases the fracture is severely comminuted. A useful classification is from the AO group: type A fractures have no articular splits and are truly ‘supracondylar’; type B fractures are simply shear fractures of one of the condyles; and type C fractures have supracondylar and intercondylar fissures (Figure 29.32). Gastrocnemius, arising from the posterior surface of the distal femur, will tend to pull the distal segment into extension, thus risking injury to the popliteal artery.

---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》


重点词汇整理:

Supracondylar髁上的

condylar /'kɔndilə/adj. 髁的

condyle /ˈkɑːndaɪl/n. 髁;骨节;骨阜;

fissure /ˈfɪʃər/n. 裂缝,(尤指岩石上的)裂沟;分歧vt. (使)裂开,分裂

Gastrocnemius, arising from the posterior surface of the distal femur, will tend to pull the distal segment into extension, thus risking injury to the popliteal artery.腓肠肌起源于股骨远端后表面,容易将远端节段拉伸,从而有损伤腘动脉的风险。

Gastrocnemius /ˌɡæstrɑːkˈniːmiəs/n. [解剖] 腓肠肌(位于小腿后方)

popliteal artery腘动脉

popliteal  /pɔp'litiəl, ,pɔpli'ti-/

adj. 腘的,腿弯部的


百度翻译:

股骨髁上骨折

股骨髁上骨折发生在(a)年轻人,通常是由于高能量创伤,和(b)老年人,骨质疏松的个人。

机理与病理解剖学

直接暴力是常见的原因。骨折线就在髁突上方,但可能在髁突之间延伸。在最坏的情况下,骨折严重粉碎。AO组有一个有用的分类:A型骨折没有关节分裂,是真正的“髁上骨折”;B型骨折只是其中一个髁的剪切骨折;C型骨折有髁上和髁间骨折(图29.32)。腓肠肌起源于股骨远端的后表面,会倾向于将远端节段拉长,从而有损伤腘动脉的危险。


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