单证|注意了，空运单上的两个日期，千万别填错！
HCA007：说说空运单的装运日期和出具日期
作者：华琪，CIITF单证专家班2021一期学员
单位：华夏银行济南分行
日期：20210812
空运单的装运日期和出具日期，比较多样。本案是一个比较综合的场景。有一定价值。
说说空运单的装运日期和出具日期
【案例背景】
44E:ANY AIRPORT IN MALAYSIA
44F:BEIJING AIRPORT CHINA
开证行收到信用证规定的一份空运单，其中部分栏位显示如下：
“Requested Flight/Date”栏位显示“MH361/20JUN”。
空运单中间印就栏位显示如下：
“Airport of departure PENANG AIRPORT,MALAYSIA
TO KUL BY FIRST CARRIER MH331/19 JUN TO PEK BY MH
ARIPORT OF DESTINATION BEIJING AIRPORT CHINA”
货物描述栏位批注如下：
“MODEL:E4416A SHIPPING MARK:2020SD-001
FLIGHT NO:MH331 AND MH361 FLIGHT DATE:19 JUN AND 20 JUN 2021
THE GOODS HAVE BEEN ACCEPTED FOR CARRIAGE”
空运单下方印就的“EXECUTED ON DATE ”显示“18JUN 2021”
【作者观点】
UCP600第23条a款iii规定：
“indicate the date of issuance.This date will be deemed to be the date of shipment unless the air transport document contains a specific notation of the actual date of shipment,in which case the date stated in the notation will be deemed to be the date of shipment.Any other information appearing on the air transport document relative to the flight number and date will not be considered in determining the date of shipment.”
ISBP745 H7 b规定：
“In the absence of a specific notation containing the actual date of shipment, any other information appearing on an air transport document relative to this information (including, for example, in a box labeled “For Carrier Use Only”, “Required Flight Date” or “Routing and Destination”) is to be disregarded in the determination of the date of shipment.
根据上述规定，由于“For Carrier Use Only”, “Required Flight Date” or “Routing and
Destination”栏位标注的信息是供承运人内部记载货物预定装载航班和日期，不能作为信用证规定的实际装运日期，因此本案例中的“Requested Flight/Date”栏位显示“MH361/20JUN”将不予理会。
案例中的空运单发生了转运，信用证规定的航线分为两段航程。第一航程为 PENANG AIRPORT 到KUL（吉隆坡机场），航班号和日期为MH331/19 JUN，第二航程为吉隆坡机场到北京机场。
在空运单货描栏位批注“FLIGHT NO:MH331 AND MH361 FLIGHT DATE:19 JUN AND 20 JUN 2021”，可以知道第二段航程航班号和日期为MH361/20 JUN。根据UCP600第23条规定，批注中的日期将被视为发运日期，且货物装上信用证规定的港口的时间为6月19日，因此本案例中的装运日应为2021年6月19日。
虽然UCP600第23条中对空运单出具日的描述为“date of issuance”，但是在实务中我们很少能看到空运单出具日表述为“date of issuance”，更多的是空运单右下方印就的“EXECUTED ON DATE ”，而“EXECUTE”在法律文书中，元照英美法词典在线版的含义包括完成签字、盖章、交付等一切契约、文件等生效的必要手段，因此“EXECUTED ON DATE ”可以理解为实际出具、签字、盖章日期。18JUN 2021为该空运单的出具日期。
【延伸思考】
空运单中出现带有航班号和日期的章，其日期是装运日吗？
我们认为，如果空运单上出现了带有航班号和日期的章，其日期应该为装运日。援引第五版CDCS教材第281页“IF the documentary credit calls for an actual date of dispatch,the date of shipment is deemed to be the actual date of dispatch appearing within a specific notation or flight stamp on the air tansport document.Even when not called for by the documentary credit, a document examiner will always take the date in notation or flight stamp as the date of shipment.”
阎之大老师的《新ISBP(745)解读与例证》中有两个案例值得参考：
案例287
Air waybill showing under description of goods, a notation “flight no:mh108,flight date:07 Sep 2007”.Can we take the flight date as shipment date or we must look for wording like “Actual Shipment date”or”Actual date of dispatch”?
Suggested answer:If a notation is shown and it is under the goods description field it will be acceptable and the date of shipment.there is no requirement for the word”actual”to appear.It is taken that the date shown in a notation indicates the “actual date of shipment”.
案例288
The AWB is issued on 28/12/2010 and the date of dispatch of goods is 03/01/2001.Which is the shipment date?
Suggested answer:For an air transport document,the date of shipment will depend on whether or not it contatins a flight stamp or notation showing the flight number and date.if a flight stamp or notation appears on the document,then the date on stamp or in the notation must be taken as the date of shipment.
If there is no flight stamp or notation on document,then the date of issuance will be deemed to be the date of shipment and therefore,the “date”of document.Otherwise,the date in the flight stamp will apply.