Standardized Work Introduction-09 作业指导书
9.1 Key Components of Standardized Work – Work, Walk, & Wait
标准作业指导书的关键组合部分-作业，移动，等待
An operator’s Standardized Work consists of threecategories: work, walk, and wait.
员工作业指导书包含三个类型：作业，移动，等待
1. Work. Work consists of value-added (VA) work (anyprocess that adds value to the product, what the customer is willing to payfor) and non-value added (NVA) work (any process that does not add value to theproduct, what the customer is not willing to pay for). To improve the operator’s process, value-addedwork needs to be maximized, while non-value added work is to be minimized.
作业. 作业包含增值作业(任何为产品增加价值，客户愿意付钱的过程)以及非增值作业(任何不为产品增加价值的过程，客户不愿因支付的费用). 未来优化员工作业，需要最大化增值作业同时最小化非增值作业
2. Walk. Most operators willnot be able to carry out all of their operations without some movement. When an operator has to “Walk”, the distanceand difficulty should be minimized.
移动 大多数员工需进行移动去完成作业，当必须要进行移动是，距离和难度应最小化
3. Wait. When team member isnot “Working” or not “Walking.” This isthe gap between the time the operator has available to complete a process andthe cycle time for the process.
等待 当员工不是“正在作业”和“正在移动”时为等待. 这是实际作业时间和周期时间的差异
There are two typesof wait time: 等待存在两种类型
· Forced Wait – where the operator is held at a process,via palm buttons or foot pedals. Theoperator is not doing anything active, yet they are “forced” to wait. They could not walk off and do another shorttask with this time. Show Forced Wait onbalance charts
强制等待-当操作按钮和脚踏板时，员工不能做任何事情，他们被“强制等待”. 他们不能走开
也不能做其他的作业. 将强制等待时间显示在平衡表上
· Idle Wait or Wait to Takt Time– wait time isthe resultant time between the cycle of the operator (work + walk) and TaktTime needed. The operator gets done“early.” This wait time should be increased. By increasing the wait, this allows for a possible rebalance withanother operator. We could give theoperator more tasks to do during this time without interfering with theprocess. This time simply shows as thegap between the work content bar and the Takt Time line on balance charts.
空闲等待或等待节拍时间-等待时间是操作员的作业（工作+步行）与所需节拍时间之间的总时
间。操作员“尽早完成”.此等待时间应增加，通过增加等待时间，可以与其他操作员进行重新
平衡.可以平衡员工更多的工作而不会影响作业流程.将作业时间和节拍时间显示在平衡表上
9.2 The Work Combination Table 作业组合表
The Work Combination Table combines manual work withmachine processing time to ensure both can be performed within the given TaktTime. It is used as a tool to determinethe range or work for which an employee is responsible and the work sequence.This table clarifies how much time is spent doing manual work and walking ateach production process.
作业组合表将手工作业时间和设备加工时间结合在一起.以确保两者都可以在节拍时间内完成.它用来确定
员工作业范围以及作业顺序，工具。该表说明了每个作业步骤中所花了多少时间来进行组装，移动
It is used to examine the range of processes that oneworker can take care of within Takt Time. Also, the amount of time during which machines or equipment are operatedautomatically are recorded to help determine what combinations are possible.
它用于说明员工在节拍时间内可以作业的的范围.同样会记录机器或设备自动运行的时间以确认组合的可能性