只要记住常见的可用倒装的否定副词或副词短语,就可以掌握大部分倒装句了

为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中,颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变,句法成分不变。当否定副词或副词短语、only + 副词或 only + 介词短语置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。
常见的可用倒装的否定副词或副词短语主要有以下一些,只要记住它们,就能掌握大部分的倒装用法了。


一、hardly,scarcely,barely
这几个否定副词常与 when 搭配,当它们置于句首时,句子用部分倒装,而且倒装发生在主语和助动词之间,通常此时主句用过去完成时,when 从句用一般过去时,意为“刚…,就…”,表示两件事接踵而至。
1. hardly
Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang.
我刚上床睡觉电话就响了。
Hardly had I arrived home when my phone rang.
我刚到家电话就响了。
2. scarely
Scarcely had I got off the bus when it crashed into the back of a car.
我刚下公共汽车,它就撞上了一辆汽车的后部。
Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep.
她刚读完书就睡着了。
3. barely
Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart attack.
他们刚赢得比赛,教练就心脏病发作了。
Barely had Jack reached the place when Jim started arguing with him.
杰克刚到那个地方,吉姆就开始和他争论起来。
注意:当 hardly,scarcely 或 barely 置于 any 及其组合词如 anyone,anything,anybody 或名词短语等前面且置于句首时,句子不用倒装结构,例如:
Hardly anyone passed the exam.
几乎没有人通过考试。
Scarcely a day goes by when they don't see or talk to each other.
他们几乎天天见面或说话。

二、never,seldom,rarely,little,nowhere,…
这几个否定或近似否定的副词置于句首时,句子的主语和助动词要倒装。
1. never
Never had she seen such a beautiful sight before.
她以前从未见过如此美丽的景色。
Never have we faced such a challenge!
我们从来没有面对过这样的挑战!
2. seldom
Seldom have I seen such beautiful work.
我很少看到这么漂亮的作品。
Seldom do we see such an amazing display of dance.
我们很少看到如此精彩的舞蹈表演。
3. rarely
Rarely will you hear such beautiful music.
你很少能听到如此美妙的音乐。
Rarely has there been so much speculation about the future of the company.
很少有人对公司的未来有如此多的猜测。
4. little
Little did he know!
他一点也不知道!
Little did she understand what the conversation was about.
她一点也不明白谈话的内容。
5. nowhere
Nowhere have I ever had such bad service.
我从未有过如此糟糕的服务。
Nowhere will you come across a more hospitable nation.
你不会遇到一个更热情好客的国家。

三、only then,only later,only recently,only in this way,only on one point,only now,…
Only + 副词或 only + 介词短语,置于句首时,句子的主语和助动词要倒装。
1. only then
Only then did I understand why the tragedy had happened.
直到那时我才明白为什么悲剧发生了。
2. only later
Only later did she really think about the situation.
直到后来她才真正考虑到这种情况。

3. only recently

Only recently have I become convinced that we made the right decision in moving.

直到最近,我才肯定了搬家的决定是正确的。

4. only in this way

Only in this way could John earn enough money to survive.

只有这样约翰才能挣到足够的钱来生存。

5. only on one point

Only on one point do I agree with you.

只有一点,我同意你的说法。

6. only now

Only now can I understand what really happened.
只有现在我才能理解到底发生了什么。

四、 not only … but
Not only … but also … 前后连接两个句子时,not only 后的句子要用部分倒装,但 but also 后的分句不用倒装。
Not only does he love chocolate and sweets but he also smokes.
他不仅喜欢巧克力和糖果,而且还抽烟。
Not only can I speak English, but I can also speak French.
我不仅会说英语,而且还会说法语。

五、no sooner
跟 hardly/scarcely/barely … when 意思一样,no sooner 常跟 than 搭配,置于句首时,句中的主语和助动词要倒装,通常主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“刚…,就…”,表示两件事接踵而至,其中 sooner 是 soon 的比较级。
No sooner had we arrived home than the police rang the doorbell.
我们刚到家,警察就按响了门铃。
No sooner had the company launched its new product than it went bankrupt.
公司刚推出新产品,就破产了。
有的时候主句也用一般过去时,例如:
No sooner did I arrive at the station than the train came.
我刚到车站火车就来了。
No sooner did we hear the noise than we rushed to the spot.
我们刚听到噪音就赶到了现场。

六、in no way,on no account,on no condition,under no circumstances

1. in no way,意为“决不,一点也不”

In no way do I agree with what you're saying.

我决不同意你说的话。

In no way can this government deny its guilt.

这个政府决不能否认自己有罪。

2. on no account,意为“决不,一点也不”

On no account should you do anything without asking me first.

你决不能不先问我就做任何事。

On no account will I compromise my ideals.

我决不会放弃我的理想。

3. on no condition,意为“决不,无论如何不”

On no condition will the company bear responsibility for lost property.
公司无论如何都不会对丢失的财产承担责任。

4. under no circumstances,意为“决不,无论如何不”

Under no circumstances are you allowed to disturb the pilots.
在任何情况下你都不准打扰飞行员。

七、not once,not + 其他成分
Not once 或 not + 其他成分,意为“…也不…”,例如:
Not once did she look at me at the party.
在聚会上她一次也没看我一眼。
Not in a million years will I go back to that hotel.
我再过一百万年也不会那家旅馆了。

八、从句倒装的几种情况
1. not until,意为”直到…才
Not until I saw John with my own eyes did I really believe he was safe.
直到亲眼见到约翰,我才真正相信他是安全的。
Not until I filled my glass did I notice that it was broken.
直到我倒满了杯子,我才注意到它碎了。
2. not since,意为”自从…以来,从未…“
Not since Lucy left college had she had such a wonderful time.
自从露西大学毕业以来,她从未有过这么愉快的时光。
3. only after,意为”只有…之后才…“
Only after I'd seen her flat did I understand why she wanted to live there.
只有看过她的公寓后我才明白她为什么要住在那里。
Only after finishing your homework can you play.
只有做完作业你才能玩。

4. only when,意为”只有当…,才…”

Only when we'd all arrived home did I feel calm.

只有当我们都到家的时候,我才感到平静。

Only when I myself became a parent did I realize the value of my parents' advice.

只有当我自己为人父母时,我才意识到父母建议的价值。

5. only if,意为“只有…,才…”

Only if everybody agreed would I accept this position.
只有大家都同意,我才能接受这个职位。
Only if we invest more money can we save the company.
只有我们投资更多的钱,我们才能拯救公司。
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