重点好文!!乳酸升高不会治?先来看看这一篇
什么是高乳酸血症?
乳酸酸中毒的分型
依据有无组织低氧,把乳酸酸中毒分为 A 型和 B 型。A 型乳酸酸中毒是由于组织低氧引起的乳酸堆积,B 型不存在组织低氧,一方面是由于乳酸生成的增加,如恶性肿瘤、脓毒血症等损害了细胞的氧利用,另一方面由于乳酸的代谢降低,如肝病等。A 型和 B 型乳酸酸中毒常存在重叠。例如在脓毒血症中,患者既存在由微循环衰竭引起的乳酸盐产生增加,又存在非单纯由氧输送减少引起的乳酸盐清除率的降低。
双胍类药物治疗 2 型糖尿病时可引起 B 型乳酸酸中毒。二甲双胍在意外或故意急性过量用药导致血药浓度较高时,最可能引起乳酸酸中毒。这种情况相对容易处理,及时停药、补液及利尿,大多数患者可以缓解。
部分糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者可发生与双胍类药物治疗无关的中度乳酸酸中毒。其中低血容量可能起了重要作用。
短肠综合征或其他吸收不良综合征
酸中毒在进食后出现,并在禁食后缓解
特征性的神经系统症状和体征
既往曾大剂量静脉输注以丙二醇为溶剂的药物或摄入丙二醇
乳酸酸中毒的治疗
对于乳酸酸中毒的治疗,最首要的是纠正原发病,即改善休克、纠正心衰、输血输液,改善凝血等,这些是前提。
其次总结一下处理乳酸酸中毒最直接的方案——补碱,即碳酸氢钠的使用。
确保患者通气充足;这是乳酸酸中毒患者有效使用外源性碳酸氢盐治疗的一个必要条件。在重度酸血症患者中,确保患者达到一定程度的过度通气,使血气中 PCO2 至少降至 15 mmHg,通常降至 10-12 mmHg。
应用碳酸氢钠可能导致离子钙浓度降低,引起不良的血流动力学后果。故如果应用碳酸氢钠过程中监测到动脉血气分析中的钙离子降低,需及时补充钙离子。
关于乳酸升高的诊治您还有哪些问题和经验?
排版:美超
投稿:wangmeichao@dxy.cn
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