LABA 与 LAMA 优于短效制剂,短效制剂仅用于偶有胸闷的患者(A 级证据),或已用长效支扩剂维持治疗需要立即缓解症状时;
起始治疗可单支扩或双支扩,单支扩治疗后仍有持续胸闷者应升级到双支扩(A 级证据)
不推荐长期单药吸入激素(ICS)(A 级证据)
不推荐长期口服激素(OCS)(A 级证据)
不推荐氨茶碱,除非长期支扩剂治疗不可用或无法负担(B 级证据)
所以,COPD 稳定期的首选治疗应该是 LAMA 或联合 LABA。参考文献:1. 中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组. 支气管哮喘防治指南 (2020 年版). 中华结核和呼吸杂志 2020:1023–48.2. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention: update 2021[EB/OL]. [2021-04-26]. http://www.ginaasthma.org/.3. Hancox RJ, Cowan JO, Flannery EM, Herbison GP, McLachlan CR, Taylor DR. Bronchodilator tolerance and rebound bronchoconstriction during regular inhaled beta-agonist treatment. Respir Med 2000;94:767–71. doi: 10.1053/rmed.2000.0820.4. Aldridge RE, Hancox RJ, Robin Taylor D, Cowan JO, Winn MC, Frampton CM, et al. Effects of terbutaline and budesonide on sputum cells and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:1459–64. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9906052.5. 中华医学会呼吸病学分会慢性阻塞性肺疾病学组; 中国医师协会呼吸医师分会慢性阻塞性肺疾病工作委员会; 慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治指南 (2021 年修订版). 中华结核和呼吸杂志 2021:170–205.6. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重 (AECOPD) 诊治专家组; 慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重 (AECOPD) 诊治中国专家共识 (2017 年更新版). 国际呼吸杂志 2017;37:1041–57.7. Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(2021 REPORT)[EB/OL]. [2020‐11‐17]. https://goldcopd.org/2021-gold-reports/.排版:Rabbit责编:飞腾本文首发于丁香园旗下专业平台:呼吸时间