骨科英文书籍精读（293）｜儿童股骨远端骨骺分离
我们正在精读国外经典骨科书籍《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》，想要对于骨科英文形成系统认识，为以后无障碍阅读英文文献打下基础，请持续关注。
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FRACTURE-SEPARATION OF DISTAL FEMORAL EPIPHYSIS
In the childhood or adolescent equivalent of a supracondylar fracture, the lower femoral epiphysis may be displaced – either to one side (usually laterally) by forced angulation of the straight knee or forwards by a hyperextension injury. Although not nearly as common as physeal fractures at the elbow or ankle, this injury is important because of its potential for causing abnormal growth and deformity of the knee.
The fracture is usually a Salter–Harris type 2 lesion – i.e. physeal separation with a large triangular metaphyseal bone fragment (Figure 29.35). Although this type of fracture usually has a good prognosis, asymmetrical growth arrest is not uncommon and the child may end up with a valgus or varus deformity. All grades of injury, but especially Salter–Harris types 3 and 4, may result in femoral shortening. Nearly 70 percent of the femur’s length is derived from the distal physis, so an early arrest can present a major problem.
Clinical features
The knee is swollen and perhaps deformed. The pulses in the foot should be palpated because, with forward displacement of the epiphysis, the popliteal artery may be obstructed by the lower femur.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
epiphysis/i'pifisis/n. 骺；脑上体；松果体
equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/n. 对等的人（或事物）；当量adj. （在价值、数量等方面）相等的；等价的；等效的；等量的；同意义的
supracondylar 髁上的
hyperextension /,haipərik'stenʃən/n. 过伸；伸展过度
physeal separation with a large triangular metaphyseal bone fragment骨骺分离伴一大块三角形干骺端骨碎片
prognosis /prɑːɡˈnoʊsɪs/n. [医] 预后；预知
asymmetrical growth arrest is not uncommon and the child may end up with a valgus or varus deformity.不对称的生长停滞并不罕见，最终有可能会导致孩子外翻或内翻畸形。
asymmetrical growth不对称生长
/,esɪ'metrɪkl/adj. 非对称的；不匀称的，不对等的
valgus or varus 外翻或内翻
Nearly 70 percent of the femur’s length is derived from the distal physis, so an early arrest can present a major problem. 近70%的股骨长度来自远端骨骺，所以早期的停止可能是一个大问题。
arrest /əˈrest/n. 逮捕，监禁；停止，中止v. 逮捕；（司法机关）扣留（船只）；阻止；吸引；心跳停止，心脏病发作；
百度翻译：