人文湖南 | 慢品社区老房子 · 江寒汀旧居 五原路248号
五原路248号
江寒汀旧居位于五原路248号， 新式里弄住宅。建筑为三层砖木结构，采用青砖和石灰砂浆砌筑墙体。一层设有架空层，建筑平面近似矩形。房屋外立面形式简洁，白色水泥拉毛墙面，局部窗边为清水砖外墙面，机制小瓦缓坡屋盖。南立面设有阳台， 钢筋混凝土悬挑板结构。
一层入口位于房屋北侧，入口门厅及走道地面为水磨石饰面，白色涂料粉刷墙面，木结构双跑楼梯，木踏板，木栏板，一梯两户。二层南侧设有阳台、居住房间， 中部为客厅、厨卫。室内走道及房间楼面基本为硬木长条地板。房屋南侧有庭院。
五原路248号▲
江寒汀简介
江苏常熟人，名上渔，字寒汀，花鸟画家、艺术教育家。16岁学习花鸟画，28岁开始专业绘画，后任教于上海美术专科学校。
中华人民共和国成立后为上海中国画院首聘画师。擅长工笔及写意花鸟，亦精金石。其花鸟画深得古代名家画法，技法十分娴熟，双钩廓填和没骨写生尤得精髓，画风近华岩、任颐等，构图稳健，笔墨老到，格调清雅，无论家禽还是野鸟，均能描绘得栩栩如生、神形俱备。画作早年清隽秀丽、高雅静美；晚年趋向豪放苍劲、气息酣畅。
1960年应周恩来总理邀请为人民大会堂绘制巨幅《红梅图》。传世名作有《百鸟图》《百卉册》《百兽图》等。出版有《江寒汀百兽图》《当代名画家江寒汀》《江寒汀百兽图画册》等。
江寒汀（1903-1963）▲
寒汀笔下鸟，天下到处
江寒汀、唐云、张大壮和陆抑非，被誉为近代海上花鸟画的“四大名旦”，而江寒汀尤以描绘各类禽鸟著称。他悉心研究历代花鸟画家的技法，上溯宋元诸家，下至明清画坛方家。据他女儿江圣行回忆，父亲深入研究宋元以来各派名家花鸟画技法的同时，注重写生，两者互为参悟，经过消化，成为自己的技法。
养鸟是江寒汀平时最大的爱好。江圣行记得童年时，父亲有空便带她一起去五马路（现在的广东路）鸟市街，那里出售各种各样的飞禽、鸟食、鸟笼等。几乎每家店主都与父亲很熟，每当有新品种的鸟，他们总先给父亲看，有时甚至还向父亲请教鸟的名称、特性等。
江寒汀在作画▲
有一天，她又随父亲去鸟市街。那时正值春天，到处是一笼笼的黄嘴绿毛的幼雏。忽见一家店里有几只长尾巴的鸟，江寒汀停住脚步，观察了好一会儿，便和店主攀谈了起来。她不耐烦了，就自顾自朝前走，结果发现找不到父亲了，便大哭起来。一家店主的儿子一看是江寒汀的女儿，便陪她一路返回找到父亲。谁知江寒汀居然还在津津有味地谈论那长尾巴的鸟，丝毫没发觉自己最喜欢的小女儿走失了。那天，江寒汀将这长尾巴的鸟买回了家。他精心调配食物，用煮熟的鸡蛋黄拌粟米后亲自喂养，还用小刷子轻轻地刷洗鸟尾上的羽毛。长尾巴鸟渐渐长大，只要一见江寒汀便叫个不停，叫声悦耳动听。这只长尾巴鸟就是唐山鹊。
上海画院成立后，为了让画家对禽鸟有更多的感性认识，院部特地在画院的一角建了个高大的铁笼，里面有各种禽鸟。江寒汀毫不吝惜，将家中的几十种鸟，包括那只他最喜欢的唐山鹊，一并送入这个禽鸟天地。每天，江寒汀与吴湖帆、来楚生、张大壮、张聿光等大画家们主动承担起喂养任务。不过这些禽鸟没有辜负画家的厚爱，努力当好“模特”，让画家们尽情描绘。近水楼台先得月，画家们相继创作出一批可爱的花鸟画作品。其中包括江寒汀的传世作品—二十米长卷《百鸟图》。
江寒汀 （钱定华画）▲
JIANG Hanting
JIANG Hanting (1903-1963) has his ancestral family from Changshu in Jiangsu province. With a personal name of Shangyu and a courtesy name of Hanting, he is known as a flower-and-bird painter and an art educator. He began to learn flower-and-birdpainting at the age of 16 and commenced professional painting at the age of 28.
Later he served as a teacher in Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts. He was one of the first painters employed by Shanghai Chinese Painting Academy after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. He was not only good at traditional Chinese realistic and freehand flower-and-bird painting, but also expert in epigraphic painting. His flower-and-bird paintings absorbed the essence of skills from ancient masters. In addition, he was particularly versed in double-stroke contour-filling and boneless sketching so that his painting style was similar to that of HUA Yan and REN Yi.
His painting is characterized by moderate composition, skillful control of color and elegant style. Either poultry or wild birds could be painted vivid and true to life in his works. In his early stage of paintings, beauty and purity could be discerned while freedom and vigor could be seen in the late stage of his paintings.
In 1960, at the invitation of Premier ZHOU Enlai, he finished a huge painting of Red Plum to be displayed in the Great Hall of the People. Some of his well-known masterworks include All the Birds, All the Pretty Flowers, All the Wild Animals and so on. He also published such painting albums as All the Wild Animals by JIANG Hanting, JIANG Hanting—A Famous Contemporary Painter and The Album of Wild Animals by JIANG Hanting and so on.
Birds in his Paintings Fly
across the Country
JIANG Hanting, TANG Yun, ZHANG Dazhuang and LU Yifei were honored as “Four Famous Painters” of modern bird-and- flower painting in Shanghai. JIANG Hanting was especially known nationwide for his depiction of all kinds of birds. He devoted himself to learning techniques from different schools of bird-and-flower painting of all dynasties, from Song and Yuan Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the memory of his daughter JIANG Shengxing, he made an in-depth study of different bird- and-flower painting techniques of different schools; meanwhile, he attached importance to painting from life. He could absorb a lotfrom both approaches and shape his style painting style.
Aviculture is one of his favorite hobbies in his spare time. His daughter could still remember that in her childhood her father took her to the birds’ market on Wuma Road (now Guangdong Road) whenever he was free, where a variety of birds, bird food, birdcages were sold. Almost every shopkeeper was familiar with her father. When having a new breed of birds, they always invited her father to take a look and even consulted him about the names and features of these birds.
On a spring day, she went to the birds’ market with his father where nestlings with yellow beaks and green feathers could be found everywhere in the cages. Suddenly, at the sight of a few birds with long tails in one shop, her father stopped, observed the birds for a long time and then talked with the shopkeeper. She grew impatient and went ahead by herself. However, after a while she could not find her father and burst into crying. The son of a shopkeeper saw her and knew who she was, so he took her all the way back to find her father. Surprisingly, he was still talking about those birds with apparent delight and even didn’t realize the absence of his favorite daughter. After buying the bird home that day, he carefully chose and made food and fed it himself with food mixed withcooked egg yolk and corns. Besides, he gently scrubbed feathers of the bird’s tail with a small brush.
As the bird gradually grew up, every time it saw him, it couldn’t stop its pleasant chirping. This bird was called Tangshan Magpie. After the establishment of Shanghai Chinese Painting Academy, the Academy authorities specifically made a tall steel cage with a variety of birds in it at one corner to enable the artists to have more perceptual knowledge of birds. He was generous enough to bring dozens of birds from his home to this birds’world, including his favorite Tangshan Magpie.
Together with WU Hufan, LAI Chusheng, ZHANG Dazhuang, ZHANG Yuguang and other famous painters, he volunteered to take up the task of feeding the birds. Of course, these birds did not fail to live up to the painters’ love and strived to be good “models” so that painters could enjoy painting them. Just as the saying goes, a waterfront pavilion gets the moonlight first. The advantage of living in such a favorable situation enabled the painters to create a number of lovely bird-and-flower painting works in succession. Among them is his popular 20-meter scroll masterpiece All the Birds.
信息来源：《200031 — 一个历史街区的文化记忆》