1/5 【美国历史上的今天】艾森豪威尔主义开辟了冷战的另一战场

美国历史上的今天

艾森豪威尔主义

每天一篇《美国历史上的今天》，提炼和总结历史在今天发生的重要事件：谁，在哪里，什么时候，做了什么，这件事为什么重要、以及在写关于什么主题的论文的时候可以作为潜在论据引用。

每天半分钟，轻松积累史实

为AP历史拿5分打下坚实基础

When: Jan 5, 1957

What: President Eisenhower proposed a new Middle East policy, "Eisenhower Doctrine."

Why significant: The Eisenhower Doctrine was motivated by an increase in Arab hostility toward the West, and growing Soviet influence in Egypt and Syria following the Suez Crisis of 1956. Due to the loss of prestige of Great Britain and France, a power vacuum had formed in the Middle East. At the time, Egypt's president Gamal Nasser was becoming closer with the Soviet Union, and taking an anti-western nationalist stance. President Dwight D. Eisenhower decided that this power vacuum needed to be filled by the United States before the Soviets could, because he feared that radical nationalism would combine with international communism in the region and threaten Western interests. Therefore Eisenhower delivered a proposal to Congress to call for a more proactive U.S. policy in the region.

Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a Middle Eastern country could request economic assistance or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression. Eisenhower authorized the commitment of U.S. forces "to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against overt armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism". So a danger that could be linked to communists of any nation could conceivably invoke the doctrine.

The Eisenhower Doctrine established the Middle East as a Cold War battlefield. It received its first call to action in the summer of 1958, when civil strife in Lebanon led that nation’s president to request U.S. assistance. Nearly 15,000 U.S. troops were sent to help quell the disturbances.

Tags: Eisenhower Doctrine, Cold War, Middle East, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Suez Crisis