LAC的书屋 | Architecture - Form, Space, & Order——建筑学的武林秘籍
推荐语:
Architecture - Form, Space,& Order是一本非常出色的建筑类书籍,其主要目的是向建筑学的学生介绍形式空间与秩序的概念,虽然许多建筑术语和概念在与实际建筑相关之前似乎都是抽象的,但是这本书通过使用独特的插图风格阐述了这些相关概念,它用简洁明了的方式解释了大多数建筑概念。或者更确切地说,是一本旨在将建筑理论的基本要素与已完成的项目联系起来的原始资料。本书共有七个主题部分-主要元素,形式,形式和空间,组合,交通,比例和尺度,最后是一些原理,然后将这些部分分为相关的子部分,通过从简单的几何形状或平面图开始引入,使读者可以更好的理解每一部分的概念。书中包含很多图纸,平面图和建筑物的尺寸图,通过这些实例来拓展概念,以揭示整个世纪以来结构的本质。
「 作 者 介 绍 」
FrancisD.K. Ching is the bestselling author of numerous books on architecture anddesign, including A Global History of Architecture, Architectural Graphics, AVisual Dictionary of Architecture, Interior Design Illustrated, and BuildingConstruction Illustrated, all published by Wiley. He is a registered architectand Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington in Seattle.
Ching was born and raised in Hawaii. He received hisB.Arch. from the University of Notre Dame in 1966. After several years ofpractice, in 1972 he joined the faculty at Ohio University to teach drawing. Tosupport his lectures in architectural graphics, Ching hand-drew andhand-lettered his lecture notes. These notes were eventually shown to thepublisher, Van Nostrand Reinhold, and were published, in 1974, in an editedversion as Architectural Graphics, a book now in its fourth edition. Ching wenton to produce twelve other books, including Building Construction Illustratedand Architecture: Form, Space & Order.
建筑基本要素
引用案例:《思考的眼睛:保罗·克利笔记》,保罗·克利,1961年
Paul Klee,The Thinking Eye: The Notebooks of Paul Klee
所有的绘画形式,都是由处于运动状态的点开始的点的运动形成了线,得到第一个维度。如果线移动,则形成面,我们便得到了一个二维的要素在从面向空间的运动中,面面相叠形成体(三维)…总之,是运动的活力,把点变成线,把线变成面,把面变成了空间的维度。
建筑的形式
引用案例:埃德蒙·N.培根,《城市设计》, 1974年
Edmund. Bacon ,The Design of Cities
建筑形式是体量与空间的联系点…建筑形式、质感、材料、光与影的调节、色彩,所有要素汇集在一起,就形成了表达空间的品质或精神。建筑的品质决定于设计者运用和综合处理这些要素的能力,室内空间和建筑外部空间都如此。
建筑通常是根据一系列已知条件进行设想(设计)和实施(建造)的,从本质上讲,这些条件可以是纯功能性的,或者说它们也许在不同程度上反映了社会的、政治的和经济的氛围:无论如何,已有的一系列条件(问题)远不能令人满意,于是就需要一系列完美的新条件(答案)。这样一来,建筑的创作活动就是一个从提问题到找答案的过,或者叫做“设计过程”任何设计过程的第一阶段,都是去认识问题的所在,并决心给它找出一个答案来。因此,设计首先是一种意识很强的活动,是一种有目的性的努力。
Architecture is generally conceived—designed—realized—built—in response to an existingset of conditions. These conditions may be purely functional in nature, or they may also reflectin varying degrees the social, political, and economic climate. Inany case, it is assumed that theexisting set of conditions—the problem—is less than satisfactoryand that a new set of conditions—a solution—would be desirable. The actof creating architecture, then, is a problem-solving ordesign process.
点要素 POINT
引用案例:
l 坎皮多格里奥广场 米开朗其罗
Piazza del Campidoglio, Rome, C 1544, Michelangelo Buonarroti
l 圣·米歇尔山
Mont St Michel, France, 13th century and later.
点没有维数。在空间或在地平面上,一个点必须垂直投影成线性形式,如圆柱、方尖碑或塔。任何这样的柱状元素在计划中都被视为因此保留了点的视觉特征。其他共享这些相同视觉属性的点生成表单是:圆、圆柱体、球体。
A pointhas no dimension. To visibly mark a position in space or on the ground plane, a point mustbe projected vertically into a linear form, as a column, obelisk, or tower. Anysuch columnar element is seen in plan as a point and therefore retains thevisual characteristics of a point. Other point-generated forms that share thesesame visual attributes are the: circle、cylinder、sphere.
形状 SHAPE
引用案例:
l 法隆寺
Central Pavilion, Horyu-Ji Temple, Nara, Japan,A. D.607
l 加歇别墅 柯布西耶
Villa garches, vaucresson, France, 1926-27, Le Corbusier
l 苏列曼清真寺
Suleymaniye Mosque, Constantinople(Istanbul) 1551-58, Sinan
形式是一个包含多种含义的术语。它可能是指可识别的外观,如椅子或坐在椅子里的人。它也可能一种状态,例如水能够呈现冰或蒸汽的状态。在艺术和设计中,我们经常用这个词来表示作品的形式结构安排和协调的方式构图的组成部分,以便产生连贯的图像。
Form isan inclusive term that has several meanings. It may refer to an externalappearance that can be recognized, as that of achair or the human body that sits in it. It may also allude to a particularcondition in which something acts or manifests itself, as when wespeak of water in the form of ice or steam. In art and design, we often usethe term to denote the formal structure of a work—the manner ofarranging and coordinating the elements and parts of a composition so as toproduce a coherent image.
网格形式 GRID FORM
引用案例:
l 中银舱体大厦,东京,1972,黑川纪章
Nakagin Capsule Tower, Tokyo,1972, Kisho Kurokawa
l 海滕巴奇住宅,圣莫尼卡,加利福尼亚州,1971-1973,R 卡普
Hattenbach Residence, Santa Monica, California, 1971-1973, Raymond Kappe
一副网格是由两组或多组等距平行线相交而成的系统:它产生的是一个几何图案。这个几何图案由间距规则的点和形状规则的区域构成,其中间距规则的点位于网格直线的相交处,而规则的形状则是由网格中的直线所限定的。
最常见的网格,是以几何方形为基础的。因为它的几个量度相等,两个方向对称,所以一个正方
形的网格基本上是无等级、无方向的。网格可以用来细分一个表面的尺度,使之布满可以度量的单位,并使该表面具有均匀的质感。网格可以用来围起一个形体的几个表面,并以重复的、漫布的几何形状使这些表面得到统一。
当正方形的网格向第三度方向伸展时,就产生了具有参照点和线的空间网络。在这个模数化的空间网架里,任何数量的形体和空间都可以从视觉上组织起来。
A gridis a system of two or more intersecting sets of regularly spaced parallellines. It generates a geometric pattern of regularly spaced points at theintersections of the grid lines and regularly shaped fields defined by the gridlines themselves.
Themost common grid is based on the geometry of the square. Because of theequality of its dimensions and its bilateral symmetry, a square gridis essentially nonhierarchical and bidirectional. It can be used to break downthe scale of a surface into measurable units and give it an even texture. Itcan be used to wrap several surfaces of a form and unify them with itsrepetitive and pervasive geometry.
Thesquare grid, whenprojected into the third dimension, generates aspatial network of reference points and lines. Within this modular framework, any number offorms and spaces can be visually organized.
离散结构
Automated Living
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