英语让步状语从句的用法大全
一、往期状语从句回顾
二、让步状语从句
之所以叫让步状语从句,是因为这类从句所表达的意思相当于汉语里所说的“退一步讲”。
英语中常用来连接让步状语从句的从属连词或短语主要有:
(一)although/though
表示“虽然,尽管”,这两个连词意思大致相同,一般情况下可以互换。二者都可与yet、still或nevertheless连用,但不能与but连用。
though可以做副词,指“但是”,但是although不行。as though属固定搭配,though不能替换成although。although要比though来得更正式,相对而言,语气比较重,但是though的使用更普遍。although引导的从句,常指实际发生的事情,而不是假象或设想。如:
Although he's nearly fifty, he can still play tennis with the best. (尽管他已年近五十,可是他网球还是打得不比别人差。)
She kept on working although she was tired. (她虽疲劳但仍继续工作。)
I take my medicine, though I do not like it. (虽然我不喜欢吃药,我还是吃了。)
He'll probably say no, though it's worth trying. (他很可能不同意,尽管值得一试。)
【注意】
1、注意as though的用法,表示“仿佛;好像”。如:
My head feels as though it will split. (我的头疼得仿佛要裂开似的。)
She dolled herself up as though she was a girl of eighteen. (她打扮得花枝招展,好像是个十八岁的姑娘似的。)
2、当主从句的主句一致时,although和though引导的从句中的主语可以省略。although和though有时也可以用来连接两个并列的成分。如:
Although thirty, he is childlike. (尽管他已三十岁了,但还是孩子般的无邪。)
The man, though young, spoke out boldly and opposed the plan. (那个人,别看他很年轻,却大胆坦言他反对这个计划。)
That book is good although faulted. (那本书虽有缺点,仍不失为好书。)
3、though也可以放在句末,表示对前文内容的让步。如:
The mockery rings hollow, though. (但这种嘲笑是虚伪的。)
He said he would come, he did not, though. (他说他要来,可是并没有来。)
(二)even though/even if
表示“即使;尽管”,两者的意思和用法都差不多,可以互换,其位置可位于句首,也可以置于句末。如:
He will come on time even though it rains. (即使下雨,他还是会准时来的。)
Even though you do not like it, you must do it. (即使你不喜欢这工作,你也得做。)
We should practice economy even if we are rich. (即使我们富裕了也仍应该厉行节约。)
He keeps his hat on even if he is at home. (他即使在家也是一直戴着帽子。)
(三)as
当as用来连接让步状语从句时,往往会引起倒装结构。as前既可能是名词,也可能是形容词、副词,甚至是动词原形。though也可以引导这类倒装结构,用法与as相同。如:
名词:Child as he is, he knows a lot about history. (他虽然只是个孩子,但关于历史他了解很多。)
形容词:Young as she is,she knows how to distinguish between friend and foe. (虽然她年轻,她懂得怎样区分敌友。)
副词:Much as she likes him, she would never consider marrying him. (尽管她喜欢他, 但她并不打算嫁给他。)
动词:Try as he may, he is not necessarily able to talk her out of smoking. (虽然他会尝试,却未必能说服她戒烟。)
【注意】
当as前面为单数名词时,原本正常语序的句子中的不定冠词a或an要去掉。如以上的第一句话:
Child as he is, he knows a lot about history.
其正常语序下的句子应该是:
Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot about history.
句中的不定冠词a,在从句改为由as引导的倒装结构后,要去掉。
(四)whether...or...
表示“无论...还是...”,该短语引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果,所以它的语气是比较强烈的,从而也更加突出了主句内容的确定性。如:
I don't care whether I get it or not. (我不在乎我是否可以得到它。)
Whether we eat now or later, it's all one to me. (现在吃或是等一会儿再吃对我来说都一样。)
【注意】
要注意区分当whether...or...引导名词性从句时的用法。如:
宾语从句:We must confirm whether it is true or not. (我们必须确认那是不是真的。)
主语从句:Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. (他们是赢是输於我都一样。)
表语从句:The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna. (问题是去慕尼黑还是去维也纳。)
(五)-ever结构
whatever、whoever、however、whenever、wherever 等可以引导让步状语从句,表示“无论...,都...”。如:
Whatever may happen, you must keep calm. (不论什么事发生,你必须保持冷静。)
Whoever you are, you have no right to do that. (不管你是谁,你都无权那样做。)
However hard it rained, they go on hiking. (不管雨下得多大,他们仍继续徒步旅行。)
Whenever I hear the story, I cannot help crying. (每次我听这故事,就忍不住要哭。)
Wherever you go, keep in touch with me, please. (无论你去哪里,请与我保持联络。)
【注意】
-ever结构的词语引导让步状语从句时,通常可换成no matter…。如:
No matter what you do, never lose heart. (不管你做什么千万不可泄气。)
No matter who he may be, he must do his duty. (不管他是谁,他都要尽他的责任。)
No matter how heavily it snows, they keep on hiking. (不管雪下得多大,他们仍继续徒旅行。)
No matter when the invader comes, they will be wiped out clean. (不管侵略者什麽时候来,都必被消灭。)
No matter where you work, you shall do your duty. (不管你在哪里工作,都要尽你的责任。)
(六)when/while
尽管when和while主要用来引导时间状语从句,但它们也可用来引导让步状语从句,意思是“尽管”或“虽然”。如:
When all is said and done, we still must eat. (可是说到底,我们还得吃饭。)
Some people live in plenty, while others haven't enough to eat. (一些人过着丰衣足食的生活,而另一些人却吃不饱。)