19世纪现实主义大师、意大利画家乔瓦尼的油画艺术作品赏析

乔瓦尼·塞冈蒂尼（意大利语：Giovanni Segantini；1858年1月15日－1899年9月28日），是19世纪现实主义画家，作品大多以牧村和阿尔卑斯山区田园风景为题材。圣莫里茨有以其命名的博物馆。

在欧洲19世纪晚期，他是最著名的艺术家之一，他的绘画作品在主要的博物馆都有收藏。

塞冈蒂尼后期的创作中，他将分色主义*的绘画风格与自然的象征主义形象相结合。 他一生中大部分时间都活跃于瑞士。

什么是分色主义？

新印象主义，又称分色主义。

19世纪80年代后年期，一群受到印象主义强烈影响的画家掀起了一场技法革新。他们不用轮廓线条划分形象，而用点状的小笔触，通过合乎科学的光色规律的并置，让无数小色点在观者视觉中混合，从而构成色点组成的形象。这种画法被称为新印象主义，又称分色主义。

新印象派，或称新印象主义，neo-impressionism。是继印象主义之后在法国出现的美术流派。

奠基人之一P.西涅克为其定义：“他们是自1886年以来发展了分割技术的人，分割主义用色彩和色彩进行光的混合，以此表现自己的意图。”即采用纯粹的色彩用小点块的方法，彼此相邻近地排列于画布上，以克罗斯《遇险》求得比在画板上进行色调混合的更高明亮度，故又称点彩派。

其出现与科学的迅猛发展有密切联系，光学和色彩学的理论以及实验成果，有力地推动了它的发展。

其理论是：

①色彩的分割理论，及分割法。

②主张色彩、线的表现性与情感的特质相结合。新印象主义既是印象主义的某些技法和科学实践相结合的产物，同时也是印象派（凭直觉、凭经验的写实主义）向古典主义（重法则、重理论、重秩序）的转化。

代表人物有G.修拉、西涅克、M. 吕斯、H.-E. 克罗斯等。

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