定语从句中的介词问题
形容词从句中的介词如何处理，大致可分三种情况。
1.属于: of which/whom = whose
The family lived in an old house.
The roof of the house had fallen in.
|
The family lived |
in |
an old house |
|
|
The roof |
of |
the house |
had fallen in. |
|
the roof |
of |
which |
had fallen in. |
|
whose roof |
had fallen in. |
先行名词以 “of +原词”、或 “原词’s” 形式带入从句。分别对应关系词为of which和whose+名词。
I had many false friends at that time.
One of them betrayed me. （背叛）
|
I had |
many false |
friends |
at that time. |
|
One |
of |
them |
betrayed me. （背叛） |
|
one |
of |
whom |
betrayed me. |
先行名词以“of + 原词（人）” 形式带入从句。对应关系词of whom。
【注】who和whom唯一区别是——前有介词、后接whom。
2.时空: 介+which =where/when
Lin’an is a small city.
I was born in that city.
|
Lin’an is |
a small |
city. |
|
|
I was born |
in |
that city. |
|
|
that |
I was born in. |
||
|
in |
which |
I was born in. |
|
|
where |
I was born. |
先行名词以 “in + 原词（地点）” 形式带入从句。对应关系词in which或where。（我们也可以理解为：先行名词还是原词带入，只是因为介词提前了，所以用which）
【注】that不能代替which的两种情况：1、介词后；2、非限定从句、先行词为前面整个事件（句子）。
3.依此类推：基本原则是用关系词代替先行词，不要打扰介词！
The person should be here soon.
I'm doing the project with him.
|
The person |
should be here soon. |
||
|
I'm doing the project. |
with |
him |
|
|
with |
whom |
I'm doing the project |
先行名词以原词形式带入从句、with提前，只能用whom。
I’d like to thank my father.
I would not have succeeded without his support.
|
I’d like to thank |
my father |
||
|
I would not have succeeded |
without |
his support |
|
|
without |
whose support |
I would not have succeeded. |
先行名词以“原词’s” 形式带入从句, 前面原本就有个介词without。
His first job is in a big bank.
He learnt a lot of information about financial management from the job.
|
His first job |
is |
in a big bank |
|
|
from |
the job |
he learnt a lot of information |
about financial management. |
|
from |
which |
he learnt a lot of information |
about financial management. |
先行名词以原词形式带入从句。前面原本就有个介词from。
【技巧小结】
1.无论题目如何复杂，基本原则不变，即：关系词代替先行名词！
2.先行名词在原句中的作用：原词、属格（of型或“‘s“型）、介词宾语。
3.注意that和which、who和whom的适用条件区分。