MySQL 表空间加密插件 Keyring
MySQL支持对InnoDB单表空间、通用表空间、系统表空间和Redo、Undo文件进行静态加密。从8.0.16开始支持对Schema和通用表空间设置加密默认值，这就允许对在这些Schema和表空间中的表是否加密进行统一控制；静态加密功能依赖于Keyring组件或插件，MySQL社区版提供的Keyring file插件会将Keyring数据存储在服务器主机的本地文件系统中。
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/keyringchown -R mysql.mysql keyring配置文件中增加
[mysqld]early-plugin-load=keyring_file.sokeyring_file_data=/usr/local/mysql/keyring/keyring重启数据库
mysql> select * from information_Schema.plugins where plugin_name like '%keyring%'\G*************************** 1. row *************************** PLUGIN_NAME: keyring_file PLUGIN_VERSION: 1.0 PLUGIN_STATUS: ACTIVE PLUGIN_TYPE: KEYRING PLUGIN_TYPE_VERSION: 1.1 PLUGIN_LIBRARY: keyring_file.soPLUGIN_LIBRARY_VERSION: 1.10 PLUGIN_AUTHOR: Oracle Corporation PLUGIN_DESCRIPTION: store/fetch authentication data to/from a flat file PLUGIN_LICENSE: GPL LOAD_OPTION: ON mysql> show global variables like '%keyring%';+--------------------+----------------------------------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------+----------------------------------+| keyring_file_data | /usr/local/mysql/keyring/keyring || keyring_operations | ON |+--------------------+----------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.02 sec)mysql> alter table t7 encryption='Y'; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.10 sec)Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter table t2 encryption='Y'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec)Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter database test DEFAULT ENCRYPTION = 'Y';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> ALTER TABLESPACE mysql ENCRYPTION = 'Y'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.80 sec)mysql> alter table t2 encryption='N';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec)Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter table t7 encryption='N'; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.08 sec)Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter database test DEFAULT ENCRYPTION = 'N';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> ALTER TABLESPACE mysql ENCRYPTION = 'N';Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.37 sec)查看插件
mysql> SELECT PLUGIN_NAME, PLUGIN_STATUS FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS WHERE PLUGIN_NAME LIKE 'keyring%';+--------------+---------------+| PLUGIN_NAME | PLUGIN_STATUS |+--------------+---------------+| keyring_file | ACTIVE |+--------------+---------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)查看存在的key
mysql> SELECT * FROM performance_schema.keyring_keys;+--------------------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+| KEY_ID | KEY_OWNER | BACKEND_KEY_ID |+--------------------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+| INNODBKey-8c537ce5-4a53-12eb-907d-000c298c47fa-1 | | |+--------------------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)加密表空间
mysql> SELECT SPACE, NAME, SPACE_TYPE, ENCRYPTION FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_TABLESPACES WHERE ENCRYPTION='Y';+------------+---------+------------+------------+| SPACE | NAME | SPACE_TYPE | ENCRYPTION |+------------+---------+------------+------------+| 4294967294 | mysql | General | Y || 145 | test/t7 | Single | Y |+------------+---------+------------+------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)查看加密表
mysql> SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, CREATE_OPTIONS FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE CREATE_OPTIONS LIKE '%ENCRYPTION%'; +--------------+------------+----------------+| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | CREATE_OPTIONS |+--------------+------------+----------------+| test | t7 | ENCRYPTION='Y' |+--------------+------------+----------------+1 row in set (0.04 sec)查看加密Database
mysql> SELECT SCHEMA_NAME, DEFAULT_ENCRYPTION FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE DEFAULT_ENCRYPTION='YES';+-------------+--------------------+| SCHEMA_NAME | DEFAULT_ENCRYPTION |+-------------+--------------------+| test | YES |+-------------+--------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)从MySQL8.0.23版本开始，支持对DoubleWrite文件页的加密，这一特性无需单独配置。MySQL会自动加密属于加密表的双写文件页。
支持通过配置innodb_redo_log_encrypt选项对Redo日志进行加密，默认禁用。启用innodb_redo_log_encrypt后原Redo日志中未加密页面保持未加密状态，新产生的Redo日志页面以加密形式写入；反之亦然。加密Metadata存放在ib_logfile0文件header中。
支持通过配置innodb_undo_log_encrypt选项对Undo日志进行加密，默认禁用。启用innodb_undo_log_encrypt后原Undo日志中未加密页面保持未加密状态，新产生的undo日志页面以加密形式写入；反之亦然。加密Metadata存放在Undo日志文件header中。
加密秘钥应该定期轮换，轮换操作是原子的实例级别的操作。每次轮换主加密密钥时，MySQL 实例中的所有表空间密钥都会重新加密并保存回各自的表空间表头。如果轮换操作被服务器故障中断，重启后将会做前滚操作。
轮换操作只会更新主秘钥并重新加密表空间秘钥，并不会重新解密并加密表空间数据。
轮换操作需要Super权限或 ENCRYPTION_KEY_ADMIN权限；语句如下：
ALTER INSTANCE ROTATE INNODB MASTER KEY;成功的 ALTER INSTANCE ROTATE INNODB MASTER KEY 语句将写入二进制日志以在副本上进行复制。
请确保对主秘钥进行备份（在创建和轮换后），否则可能无法恢复加密表空间中的数据。
打开stage/innodb/alter tablespace (encryption) instrument:
mysql> system clearmysql> USE performance_schema;Database changedmysql> UPDATE setup_instruments SET ENABLED = 'YES' WHERE NAME LIKE 'stage/innodb/alter tablespace (encryption)';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0启用the stage event consumer tables，包括events_stages_current, events_stages_history, and events_stages_history_long.
mysql> UPDATE setup_consumers SET ENABLED = 'YES' WHERE NAME LIKE '%stages%';Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0执行一个加密操作
mysql> ALTER TABLESPACE mysql ENCRYPTION = 'Y'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.80 sec)通过查询Performance_Schema events_stages_current 表来检查加密操作的进度。
WORK_ESTIMATED 报告表空间中的总页数。
WORK_COMPLETED 报告处理的页数。
mysql> select * from events_stages_current;Empty set (0.00 sec)如果加密操作已完成，events_stages_current 表将返回一个空集。在这种情况下，您可以检查 events_stages_history 表以查看已完成操作的事件数据。
mysql> SELECT EVENT_NAME, WORK_COMPLETED, WORK_ESTIMATED FROM events_stages_history;+--------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+| EVENT_NAME | WORK_COMPLETED | WORK_ESTIMATED |+--------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+| stage/innodb/alter tablespace (encryption) | 2559 | 2559 || stage/innodb/alter tablespace (encryption) | 2559 | 2559 || stage/innodb/alter tablespace (encryption) | 2559 | 2559 || stage/innodb/alter tablespace (encryption) | 2559 | 2559 || stage/innodb/alter tablespace (encryption) | 2559 | 2559 || stage/innodb/alter tablespace (encryption) | 2559 | 2559 || stage/innodb/alter tablespace (encryption) | 2559 | 2559 |+--------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
墨天轮原文链接：https://www.modb.pro/db/99637?sjhy（复制到浏览器或者点击“阅读原文”立即查看）