经皮面动脉透明质酸酶注射治疗面部注射美容致血管栓塞的效果观察

付强 周桂文 赖琳英 张德全 蔡景宁 梁黎明 陈敏亮

本文来源:《中华整形外科杂志》2021年4月 第37卷 第4期

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn114453-20200806-00458

作者单位:解放军总医院第四医学中心烧伤整形医学部,北京 100048

通信作者:陈敏亮,Email:chenml@sohu.com

引用本文

付强, 周桂文 , 赖琳英, 等.  经皮面动脉透明质酸酶注射治疗面部注射美容致血管栓塞的效果观察 [J] . 中华整形外科杂志,2021,37 (04): 365-370. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn114453-20200806-00458

【摘要】 

目的 观察经皮面动脉透明质酸酶注射治疗面部注射美容术后出现局部血运障碍、皮肤破溃、坏死等并发症的临床效果。

方法 回顾性选取解放军总医院第四医学中心2019年1月至2020年5月收治的面部透明质酸注射美容术后注射物进入血管致局部血运障碍、皮肤破溃、坏死,予经皮面动脉注射透明质酸酶治疗的患者。注射时以动脉采血针或一次性使用静脉输液针经皮面动脉穿刺,针体与皮肤夹角一般为30°~45°,穿刺成功后将透明质酸酶溶液(1 000 U/ml)缓慢推注入面动脉,用量范围在0.5~1.5 ml。术后观察患者产生皮肤轻松感、触痛缓解、溃疡愈合、创面恢复时间。术后 3~12 个月观察皮损部位色素沉着情况,并采用温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)进行瘢痕评分。

结果 该研究共纳入13例患者,男1例,女12例,年龄18~45岁,平均35岁。发病至就诊时间为14 h至4 d, 平均时间2.5 d。注射物质均为透明质酸,注射部位:鼻唇沟区7例,鼻根部3例,前额区2例,上唇1例。临床表现:局部皮肤青紫、肿胀、破溃、结痂样改变,部分伴口腔溃疡。经皮面动脉透明质酸酶注射后局部皮肤软组织损伤均及时得到改善,患者产生皮肤轻松感时间为(0.77±0.25) d、触痛缓解时间为(1.23±0.64) d、溃疡愈合时间为(3.14±0.64) d、创面恢复时间为(5.85±0.86) d。随访3~12个月,平均7个月,1例患者存在轻微瘢痕及色素沉着,VSS评分为1分,2例患者仅有轻度色素沉着,VSS评分均为0分,其余10例均无瘢痕及色素沉着,VSS评分均为0分。所有患者未出现头疼、头晕等症状,无颅内梗死、颅内出血及视力受损情况出现,治疗效果满意。

结论 在面部注射美容术后出现皮肤损伤的处理过程中,及时经皮面动脉注射透明质酸酶对改善局部微循环、减轻软组织损伤明确有效。

【关键词】透明质酸葡糖胺酶;栓塞;面部;并发症

Therapeutic effect of percutaneous facial artery hyaluronidase injection in the treatment of vascular embolism caused by cosmetic injection

Fu Qiang, Zhou Guiwen, Lai Linying, Zhang Dequan, Cai Jingning, Liang Liming, Chen Minliang

Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery,Fourth Medical Center of PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China

Corresponding author:  Chen Minliang,Email:chenml@sohu.com

【Abstract】

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of hyaluronidase injection through the facial artery in the treatment of vascular embolism such as skin ulceration and necrosis after cosmetic injection.

Methods Hyaluronidase was injected through facial artery in 13 patients who were diagnosed with vascular embolism after facial injection from January 2019 to May 2020. The facial artery was punctured with 22-gauge arterial blood collection needle or 19/23-gauge disposable venous infusion needle. The angle between the needle body and the skin varies depending on the patients’ weight, ranged 30°-45°. The needle was advanced slowly and pushed forward by 2-3 mm when blood backflow appeared in the needle core. After confirming the successful puncture of the facial artery, 0.5-1.5 ml hyaluronidase was slowly injected into the facial artery. The time of skin relaxation, tenderness relief, ulcer healing and wound recovery were observed. The pigmentation was observed and the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was used to score the scars after 3-12 months.

Results A toal of 13 patients with vascular complications of hyaluronidase filler were retrospectively reviewed.  The patients were 18-45-year-old(mean age, 35 years) and received hyaluronidase filler at private clinics. There were 12 women and 1 man.  The time from onset to visit was 14 h to 4 d, with an average time of 2.5 d. Hyaluronidase was most commonly injected into the nasolabial folds (54%, 7 of 13). The second-ranked area is the nasalroot (23%, 3 of 13). These patients had skin swelling, necrosis,ecchymosis or black scabs during or after hyaluronidase injection. Some patients showed skin lesions combined with oral ulcer. After percutaneous facial arterial hyaluronidase injection, the local skin tissue injuries of the 13 patients were improved in time.  The time of skin relaxation was (0.77±0.25) d, the time of tenderness relief was (1.23±0.64) d, the time of ulcer healing was (3.14±0.64) d and the time of wound recovery was (5.85±0.86) d. Patients were followed up for 3-12 months, with an average of 7 months.  One patient had slight scar (VSS score of 1), two patients had only mild pigmentation (VSS score of 0), and the other ten patients had no scar and pigmentation (VSS score of 0).

Conclusions It is effective to improve local microcirculation and reduce skin tissue injury after percutaneous facial artery hyaluronidase injection in the treatment of skin injury caused by facial filler injection.

【Key words】Hyaluronoglucosaminidase;Embolism;Face;Complications

Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article.

Ethical Approval: Ethical approval was given by the Medical Ethics Committee of Fourth Medical Center of PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital(2020KY043-KS001).

近年来,面部注射美容的数量逐年增加[1]。在面部注射填充物中,玻尿酸(透明质酸,hyaluronic acid)注射因其微创、花费较少、疼痛轻微、操作相对简单而被广泛使用[2]。但是,面部透明质酸注射可能导致各种不良反应[3-4],其中最为紧急和严重的是注射后血管栓塞导致的相关并发症,如果未及时得到诊断和处理,极易导致皮肤组织破溃、缺血坏死、视野缺失甚至失明等严重后果[5-7],给患者生理及心理带来极大的创伤。透明质酸酶作为透明质酸专一性水解酶,在治疗透明质酸注射术后并发症方面有着显著疗效[8-9]。透明质酸分子是多聚的N-乙酰葡萄糖胺和葡萄糖醛酸组合,两者之间依靠β-1,4糖苷键连接。透明质酸酶通过特异性水解β-1,4糖苷键将透明质酸分子降解为大小不等的寡糖链,而后葡萄糖内切酶及外切酶再将寡糖链水解为更小的代谢产物[10]。我们回顾性分析经皮面动脉透明质酸酶注射治疗面部注射美容致血管栓塞的患者资料, 总结上述患者的临床治疗措施及恢复情况。

一、资料选择

统计2019年1月至2020年5月,在解放军总医院第四医学中心注射透明质酸酶的患者资料。纳入标准:(1)因面部透明质酸注射美容术后出现局部血运障碍、皮肤破溃;(2)根据术前检查及评估患者面部局部皮肤受损的情况,判断皮肤危象的范围与注射点的关系,诊断为注射物进入血管致局部栓塞;(3)予以面动脉穿刺注射透明质酸酶治疗;(4)患者及家属签署知情及治疗同意书。本研究经解放军总医院第四医学中心临床试验医学伦理委员会批准(2020KY043-KS001)。

二、治疗方法

(一)全身支持治疗

所有患者建立静脉通道,行抗炎、神经营养、扩容、改善微循环、抗过敏等治疗。

(二)经面动脉注射透明质酸酶

患者取仰卧位,彩色多普勒超声下于下颌角前1 cm左右位置定位患侧面动脉,标记为穿刺点。患者头部偏向健侧,面部消毒、铺治疗巾,穿刺点局部麻醉(必要时可行同侧眶下孔神经阻滞麻醉)。以动脉采血针(PICO70,HQ-57,22 G, 上海雷度米特医疗设备有限公司)或一次性使用静脉输液针(哈娜好,H-201,19 G/23 G,天津哈娜好医材有限公司)经皮面动脉穿刺,针体与皮肤夹角一般为30°~45°,可根据患者胖瘦程度调整(图1A),缓慢进针,当发现针芯有回血时,再向前推进2~3 mm(图1B,C),固定针芯,见尾部回血向外搏动性流出,说明面动脉穿刺成功。确认穿刺成功后将透明质酸酶(注射用玻璃酸酶,每瓶1 500 U,上海上药第一生化药业有限公司,国药准字H31022111)溶液(1 000 U/ml)

缓慢推注入面动脉(图1D)。注射量主要与栓塞面积和损伤程度有关,用量范围在0.5~1.5 ml,推注过程中密切监测患者生命体征。

出现口腔溃疡的患者,避免患侧牙齿咀嚼进食,进流食,避免酸性食物,进食后及时漱口保持口腔清洁。皮肤创面涂抹表皮生长因子类药物促进愈合,采用持续封闭式负压吸引装置覆盖皮肤表面创面。病变部位波及鼻部需佩戴鼻腔支架,防止鼻孔狭窄或鼻翼塌陷。此外,局部半导体激光照射可促进细胞新陈代谢,加速血运重建,促进创面愈合。

(三)疗效评价

治疗后,统计患者皮损部位压迫感减轻产生皮肤轻松感时间、触痛缓解时间、溃疡愈合时间、创面恢复时间。3~12个月随访复查时观察皮损部位色素沉着及瘢痕情况,并采用温哥华瘢痕量表(Vancouver Sar Scale, VSS)进行瘢痕评分,对治疗效果进行评估。VSS评分包括色泽(0~3分)、血管分布(0~3分)、厚度(0~4分)、柔软度(0~5分)4个方面。0分表示瘢痕接近正常,分值越高,瘢痕越严重。

(四)统计学方法

采用描述性方法进行统计学分析,数据以均值±标准差表示。

三、结果

(0)

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