PHP laravel+thrift+swoole打造微服务框架

Laravel作为最受欢迎的php web框架一直广受广大互联网公司的喜爱。

笔者也参与过一些由laravel开发的项目。虽然laravel的性能广受诟病但是业界也有一些比较好的解决方案,比如堆机器,比如使用swoole进行加速。

一个项目立项到开发上线,随着时间和需求的不断激增,会越来越复杂,变成一个大项目,如果前期项目架构没设计的不好,代码会越来越臃肿,难以维护,后期的每次产品迭代上线都会牵一发而动全身。项目微服务化,松耦合模块间的关系,是一个很好的选择,随然增加了维护成本,但是还是很值得的。

那么有什么办法使一个laravel项目改造成微服务呢?

最近研究thrift的时候发现thrift对php之城非常好,那么可不可以使用使用thrift作为rpc框架,使用swoole来实现异步TCP服务,打造一个微服务框架呢。

心动不如行动我们开始尝试一下吧。首先我们创建一个laravel的项目,笔者使用的laravel官方提供的homestead的环境。

laravel new laravel-thrift-app 

安装laravel-s https://github.com/hhxsv5/laravel-s/blob/master/README-CN.md

composer require "hhxsv5/laravel-s:~3.5.0" -vvv

laravel-s是一个由swoole写的laravel扩展,赋予laravel更好的性能,具体使用方法参看官方文档。

在项目的根目录下新建一个thrift的目录,然后在该子目录下创建 Thrift IDL 文件 user.thrift,用于定义和用户相关的服务接口。

1 namespace php App.Thrift.User  2 // 定义用户接口 3 service User {     4 string getInfo(1:i32 id)5  }

这里我们定义了一个接口,接着在项目根目录下运行如下命令,根据上述 IDL 文件生成相关的服务代码:

thrift -r --gen php:server -out ./ thrift/user.thrift

查看文件这时候我们会发现在App\Thrift\User`目录下生成对应的服务代码。

通过 Composer 安装 Thrift PHP 依赖包:

composer require apache/thrift

编写服务代码,在 app目录下新建一个 Services/Server 子目录,然后在该目录下创建服务接口类 UserService,该类实现自 `App\Thrift\User\UserIf` 接口:

1 <?php 2 namespace App\Services\Server; 3  4  5 use App\Thrift\User\UserIf; 6  7 class UserService implements UserIf 8 { 9     public function getInfo($id)10     {11         return "chenSi".$id;12     }13 }

在 app 目录下新建一个 Sockets目录用于存放 Swoole 相关代码,首先我们创建一个 ServerTransport.php用来存放服务端代理类,并编写代码如下:

1 <?php 2 namespace App\Sockets; 3  4  5 use Thrift\Server\TServerTransport; 6  7 class ServerTransport extends TServerTransport 8 { 9     /**10      * @var array 服务器选项11      */12     public $options = [13         'dispatch_mode'         => 1, //1: 轮循, 3: 争抢14         'open_length_check'     => true, //打开包长检测15         'package_max_length'    => 8192000, //最大的请求包长度,8M16         'package_length_type'   => 'N', //长度的类型,参见PHP的pack函数17         'package_length_offset' => 0,   //第N个字节是包长度的值18         'package_body_offset'   => 4,   //从第几个字节计算长度19     ];20 21     /**22      * @var SwooleServer23      */24     public $server;25     protected $host;26     protected $port;27     protected $sockType;28 29 30     public function __construct($swoole, $host, $port = 9999, $sockType = SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP, $options = [])31     {32         $this->server = $swoole;33         $this->host   = $host;34         $this->port   = $port;35         $this->sockType = $sockType;36         $this->options = array_merge($this->options,$options);37 38     }39 40 41     public function listen()42     {43         $this->server =$this->server->addlistener($this->host,$this->port,$this->sockType);44         $this->server->set($this->options);45         return null;46     }47 48 49     public function close()50     {51         //$this->server->shutdown();52         return null;53     }54 55 56     protected function acceptImpl()57     {58         return null;59     }60 }

我们在代理类的构造函数中初始化 Swoole TCP 服务器参数,由于我们使用的是laravel-s然后在该类中定义 listen 方法启动这个swoole增加监听的端口并监听客户端请求。

我们在 app/Sockets目录下创建 Transport.php文件用于存放基于 Swoole 的传输层实现代码:

1 <?php  2 /**  3  * Created by PhpStorm.  4  * User: 74100  5  * Date: 2019/10/21  6  * Time: 2:22  7  */  8 namespace App\Sockets;  9  10 use Swoole\Server as SwooleServer; 11 use Thrift\Exception\TTransportException; 12 use Thrift\Transport\TTransport; 13  14 class Transport extends TTransport 15 { 16     /** 17      * @var swoole服务器实例 18      */ 19     protected $server; 20     /** 21      * @var int 客户端连接描述符 22      */ 23     protected $fd = -1; 24     /** 25      * @var string 数据 26      */ 27     protected $data = ''; 28     /** 29      * @var int 数据读取指针 30      */ 31     protected $offset = 0; 32  33     /** 34      * SwooleTransport constructor. 35      * @param SwooleServer $server 36      * @param int $fd 37      * @param string $data 38      */ 39     public function __construct(SwooleServer $server, $fd, $data) 40     { 41         $this->server = $server; 42         $this->fd = $fd; 43         $this->data = $data; 44     } 45  46     /** 47      * Whether this transport is open. 48      * 49      * @return boolean true if open 50      */ 51     public function isOpen() 52     { 53         return $this->fd > -1; 54     } 55  56     /** 57      * Open the transport for reading/writing 58      * 59      * @throws TTransportException if cannot open 60      */ 61     public function open() 62     { 63         if ($this->isOpen()) { 64             throw new TTransportException('Swoole Transport already connected.', TTransportException::ALREADY_OPEN); 65         } 66     } 67  68     /** 69      * Close the transport. 70      * @throws TTransportException 71      */ 72     public function close() 73     { 74         if (!$this->isOpen()) { 75             throw new TTransportException('Swoole Transport not open.', TTransportException::NOT_OPEN); 76         } 77         $this->server->close($this->fd, true); 78         $this->fd = -1; 79     } 80  81     /** 82      * Read some data into the array. 83      * 84      * @param int $len How much to read 85      * @return string The data that has been read 86      * @throws TTransportException if cannot read any more data 87      */ 88     public function read($len) 89     { 90         if (strlen($this->data) - $this->offset < $len) { 91             throw new TTransportException('Swoole Transport[' . strlen($this->data) . '] read ' . $len . ' bytes failed.'); 92         } 93         $data = substr($this->data, $this->offset, $len); 94         $this->offset += $len; 95         return $data; 96     } 97  98     /** 99      * Writes the given data out.100      *101      * @param string $buf The data to write102      * @throws TTransportException if writing fails103      */104     public function write($buf)105     {106         if (!$this->isOpen()) {107             throw new TTransportException('Swoole Transport not open.', TTransportException::NOT_OPEN);108         }109         $this->server->send($this->fd, $buf);110     }111 }

Transport类主要用于从传输层写入或读取数据,最后我们创建 Server.php 文件,用于存放基于 Swoole 的 RPC 服务器类:

1 <?php 2 /** 3  * Created by PhpStorm. 4  * User: 74100 5  * Date: 2019/10/21 6  * Time: 2:24 7  */ 8 namespace App\Sockets; 9 10 use Swoole\Server as SwooleServer;11 use Thrift\Server\TServer;12 13 class Server extends TServer14 {15     public function serve()16     {17 18         $this->transport_->server->on('receive', [$this, 'handleReceive']);19         $this->transport_->listen();20 21     }22 23     public function stop()24     {25         $this->transport_->close();26     }27 28     /**29      * 处理RPC请求30      * @param Server $server31      * @param int $fd32      * @param int $fromId33      * @param string $data34      */35     public function handleReceive(SwooleServer $server, $fd, $fromId, $data)36     {37         $transport = new Transport($server, $fd, $data);38         $inputTransport = $this->inputTransportFactory_->getTransport($transport);39         $outputTransport = $this->outputTransportFactory_->getTransport($transport);40         $inputProtocol = $this->inputProtocolFactory_->getProtocol($inputTransport);41         $outputProtocol = $this->outputProtocolFactory_->getProtocol($outputTransport);42         $this->processor_->process($inputProtocol, $outputProtocol);43     }44 }

该类继承自 Thrift\Server\TServer,在子类中需要实现 serve` 和 `stop`方法,分别定义服务器启动和关闭逻辑,这里我们在 serve方法中定义了 Swoole TCP 服务器收到请求时的回调处理函数,其中 $this->transport 指向 App\Swoole\ServerTransport 实例,回调函数 handleReceive中我们会将请求数据传入传输层处理类 Transport进行初始化,然后再通过一系列转化通过处理器对请求进行处理,该方法中 `$this` 指针指向的属性都是在外部启动 RPC 服务器时传入的,后面我们会看到。定义好请求回调后,即可通过 `$this->transport_->listen()` 启动服务器并监听请求。

最后我们使用laravel-s的事件回调。

laravel-s的配置文件新增Master进程启动时的事件。

'event_handlers'           => [     'ServerStart' => \App\Events\ServerStartEvent::class, ],

编写ServerStartEvent类。

1 <?php 2 namespace App\Events; 3 use App\Sockets\ServerTransport; 4 use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\ServerStartInterface; 5 use App\Services\Server\UserService; 6 use App\Sockets\TFramedTransportFactory; 7 use App\Thrift\User\UserProcessor; 8 use Thrift\Factory\TBinaryProtocolFactory; 9 use Swoole\Http\Server;10 use App\Sockets\Server as TServer;11 12 13 class ServerStartEvent implements ServerStartInterface14 {15     public function __construct()16     {17     }18     public function handle(Server $server)19     {20         // 初始化thrift21         $processor = new UserProcessor(new UserService());22         $tFactory = new TFramedTransportFactory();23         $pFactory = new TBinaryProtocolFactory();24         // 监听本地 9999 端口,等待客户端连接请求25         $transport = new ServerTransport($server,'127.0.0.1', 9999);26         $server = new TServer($processor, $transport, $tFactory, $tFactory, $pFactory, $pFactory);27         $server->serve();28     }29 }

这时候我们服务端的代码已经写完。开始写客户端的代码。

接下来,我们来修改客户端请求服务端远程接口的代码,在此之前在 app/Sockets目录下新建一个 ClientTransport.php 来存放客户端与服务端通信的传输层实现代码:

1 <?php  2 namespace App\Sockets;  3     use Swoole\Client;  4     use Thrift\Exception\TTransportException;  5     use Thrift\Transport\TTransport;  6   7     class ClientTransport extends TTransport  8     {  9         /** 10          * @var string 连接地址 11          */ 12         protected $host; 13         /** 14          * @var int 连接端口 15          */ 16         protected $port; 17         /** 18          * @var Client 19          */ 20         protected $client; 21  22         /** 23          * ClientTransport constructor. 24          * @param string $host 25          * @param int $port 26          */ 27         public function __construct($host, $port) 28         { 29             $this->host = $host; 30             $this->port = $port; 31             $this->client = new Client(SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP); 32         } 33  34         /** 35          * Whether this transport is open. 36          * 37          * @return boolean true if open 38          */ 39         public function isOpen() 40         { 41             return $this->client->sock > 0; 42         } 43  44         /** 45          * Open the transport for reading/writing 46          * 47          * @throws TTransportException if cannot open 48          */ 49         public function open() 50         { 51             if ($this->isOpen()) { 52                 throw new TTransportException('ClientTransport already open.', TTransportException::ALREADY_OPEN); 53             } 54             if (!$this->client->connect($this->host, $this->port)) { 55                 throw new TTransportException( 56                     'ClientTransport could not open:' . $this->client->errCode, 57                     TTransportException::UNKNOWN 58                 ); 59             } 60         } 61  62         /** 63          * Close the transport. 64          * @throws TTransportException 65          */ 66         public function close() 67         { 68             if (!$this->isOpen()) { 69                 throw new TTransportException('ClientTransport not open.', TTransportException::NOT_OPEN); 70             } 71             $this->client->close(); 72         } 73  74         /** 75          * Read some data into the array. 76          * 77          * @param int $len How much to read 78          * @return string The data that has been read 79          * @throws TTransportException if cannot read any more data 80          */ 81         public function read($len) 82         { 83             if (!$this->isOpen()) { 84                 throw new TTransportException('ClientTransport not open.', TTransportException::NOT_OPEN); 85             } 86             return $this->client->recv($len, true); 87         } 88  89         /** 90          * Writes the given data out. 91          * 92          * @param string $buf The data to write 93          * @throws TTransportException if writing fails 94          */ 95         public function write($buf) 96         { 97             if (!$this->isOpen()) { 98                 throw new TTransportException('ClientTransport not open.', TTransportException::NOT_OPEN); 99             }100             $this->client->send($buf);101         }102     }

我们在 app/Services/Client 目录下创建 UserService.php,用于存放 RPC 客户端连接与请求服务接口方法:

1 <?php 2     namespace App\Services\Client; 3  4     use App\Sockets\ClientTransport; 5     use App\Thrift\User\UserClient; 6     use Thrift\Exception\TException; 7     use Thrift\Protocol\TBinaryProtocol; 8     use Thrift\Protocol\TMultiplexedProtocol; 9     use Thrift\Transport\TBufferedTransport;10     use Thrift\Transport\TFramedTransport;11     use Thrift\Transport\TSocket;12 13     class UserService14     {15         public function getUserInfoViaSwoole(int $id)16         {17             try {18                 // 建立与 SwooleServer 的连接19                 $socket = new ClientTransport("127.0.0.1", 9999);20 21                 $transport = new TFramedTransport($socket);22                 $protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport);23                 $client = new UserClient($protocol);24                 $transport->open();25 26                 $result = $client->getInfo($id);27 28                 $transport->close();29                 return $result;30             } catch (TException $TException) {31                 dd($TException);32             }33         }34     }

测试,新增一个路由。

1 Route::get('/user/{id}', function($id) {2     $userService = new UserService();3     $user = $userService->getUserInfoViaSwoole($id);4     return $user;5 });

启动laravel-s。

php bin/laravels start

在浏览器中输入 http://192.168.10.100:5200/user/2 (192.168.10.100为我homestead设置的地址,5200为laravel-s设置的端口号)

这时候我们就会发现浏览器上面出现chensi2几个大字。一个由larave+thrift+swoole搭建的微服务框架就这样完成了。端口号固定9999也可以使用consul做服务发现。

当然了有兴趣的可以写一个package自己去实现而不用laravels这个扩展。

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