【城市滨水】South Pointe Park

这个项目是对一个未充分利用的公共公园的改造，设计通过引入多样化的城市公园、地域性园林，恢复当地自然栖息地，连接城市交通系统等措施使它转变为一个社区邻里的活动目的地。该设计将公园的三个边界——城市，邮轮通道和海岸线连成一体，在各种文化元素、项目元素和环境需求的交替重叠中形成一个中心，将在未来几十年为迈阿密提供户外生活空间。

The revitalization of this underutilized public park transforms it into a neighborhood and regional destination through the integration of diversified urban park programs, regional gardens and restored native habitats, and the connection with urban circulation systems. By unifying its three edges – urban, cruise ship passage and beach – it becomes a center that, through the resolution of overlapping cultural, programmatic and environmental requirements, will contribute to the open space life in Miami for decades to come.

现南岬公园坐落在热情活泼的南部海滩，是一个富有生机又生态环保的社区公园。该公园是对原有的一个占地19英亩的公园的再设计，该公园沿着政府海渠(Government Cut)——大西洋海岸比斯坎湾的一个人造入口。目前面积已达22英亩的南岬公园有两条互相呼应的步道：蛇形道(the Serpentine Walk)及穿越道(the Cut walk)，它们起着重要的区域连接作用，沿途可欣赏政府海渠及大西洋的美景。道路连接着横穿比斯坎湾海岸的海湾道(the Baywalk)以及可抵达大西洋海岸的海滩道(the Beach Walk)。1800英尺笔直的穿越道是一条沿着政府海渠的海滨步道，作为一个基准面，穿越道全程高出公园地平面12至18英寸。基于其高度，穿越道可支撑起一个雕塑使其与公园地表分离。雕塑的建造采用多米尼加楔石，珊瑚化石的材质很好地展示了近海区域的自然变迁。对公园来说，这条小道兼具实用及艺术价值，在小道上行走的体验则增强了人们的观光意义。这条路增加了散步长廊的戏剧效果,并且为欣赏比斯坎湾进进出出的大量游艇提供了理想的观景台。

South Pointe Park creates an animated and ecologically sensitive community park in lively and flamboyant South Beach. The park is a redesign of an existing 19 acre park along Government Cut, an artificial inlet to Biscayne Bay at the Atlantic Ocean coast. The now 22 acre park positions two corresponding circulation paths – the Serpentine Walk and the Cut Walk – across its length to provide critical regional connections and views out to Government Cut and the Atlantic Ocean. The paths connect to both the Baywalk that traverses the Biscayne Bay coast, and the Beach Walk which provides access along the Atlantic Ocean. The 1800 foot long linear Cutwalk, a waterfront promenade along Government Cut, acts as a datum, rising between 12-18” above the grade of the park across its length. The height of the path gives it the heft of a sculptural object and sets it apart from the surface of the park. Constructed from Dominican Keystone, a stone of fossilized coral, the materiality suggests the natural processes of the adjacent sea. From the park, the path is perceived both as object and line, while the experience on the path heightens the sense of spectatorship. This pathway encourages the theater of the promenade, and provides the ideal viewing platform for the massive cruise ships entering and leaving Biscayne Bay.

与穿越道直来直往的走势不同，蛇形道从大西洋海滩道开始随意地迂回蜿蜒，上行处可见大西洋的海阔天空，可至园中凉亭的高处观景，一直西行则可拐入海滩道。这种地形让人们在行进过程中移步换景，令人心旷神怡。这中多变的地形在公园中很多小角落均有体现。海岸边蜿蜒地形上的原生植被与抽象的沙丘地貌以及蜿蜒道内坡的棕榈树形成鲜明对比。一小片公园区域的原生植被、棕榈及落叶乔木组成的海边植物带与蜿蜒的小道形成呼应。附带有下层植被如青草及蕨类的棕榈科灌木丛为公园北缘的城市环境创造了一个缓冲带。设计意图通过将华盛顿大道和滨海大道延伸至公园——在连接处设计硬质铺地入口广场，以达到将公园融入城市肌理的目的。

In counterpoint to the strong linear move of the Cutwalk, a serpentine landform with leisurely twists and turns begins at the Atlantic Ocean Beach Walk, rises up to allow dramatic views out to the Atlantic Ocean, and access to the top of the pavilion structure and continues west until it meets the Bay Walk. The landform encourages spirited movement along it, and the heightened experience of an ever-changing visual field of movement is enlivened and enthralling. The twisting of the landform is echoed as a motif throughout the park in smaller garden areas. Sinuous bands of native dune plantings on the ocean side of the serpentine landform are contrasted with abstracted dune landforms and palm trees on the inside slope of the serpentine. A smaller garden area of coastal hammock plantings of native ground covers, palms and deciduous trees echo the twisting path of the landform. A bosque of palms with understory grasses and ferns creates a buffer to the urban context along the northern edge of the park. The design integrates the park into the urban fabric by extending two major streets – Washington Avenue and Ocean Drive – into the park with generous hardscape entry plazas.

公园内部的凉亭设有咖啡厅及休息处，而由阶梯座位环绕的圆形大剧场则提供了一个非正式的舞台区，可以俯瞰下面的水上运动场。该公园还有三处开放草坪，可供自由使用。上面植有耐盐草坪以承受频繁的使用，并可在热带风暴过后保留水分。场地上原有的成熟树木在公园施工建设过程中得以保留并重新种植在草坪上，在公园刚开放时就能立即带来视觉上的冲击。该设计上的另一个大胆之处是将现有餐厅融入公园，因其可为公园的持续维护提供收入来源。为了在餐厅附近开辟车辆入口及停放处，所以设计了一个城市入口处。当然户外野餐的帐篷布置在穿越道两边，一方面突出了公园的流线，同时也照顾到餐馆项目的经营。

At the interior of the park a pavilion with café and facilities creates a point of rest. A seatwall amphitheater creates an informal staging area and seating overlooking the water playground. The park also features three areas of open lawn which support free and flexible program. These areas of lawn are planted with salt tolerant turfgrasses to withstand active use and are engineered to retain water after tropical storm events. Mature trees from the site were stored during construction and then replanted on the lawn, achieving an immediate visual impact at the opening of the park. Another design challenge was to integrate the existing restaurant within the park as it provides revenue for the city’s ongoing maintenance of the park. In order to bring vehicular access and parking close to the restaurant, the design creates an urban entrance edge. Also outdoor dining terraces flank the Cut Walk, emphasizing the circulation of the park while accommodating the restaurant programming within it.

项目材料的选择受到项目背景的显著影响——尤其强调用优质材料建造公园以反映出这个城市作为一个国际旅游景点所日益增长的影响力。此外，大西洋边缘的地理区位以及南佛罗里达州普遍的亚热带潮湿气候都要求采用耐久物料——不仅可以满足作为城市公园的高强度使用需求，也有能力承受沿海环境强烈的腐蚀作用，例如盐雾、强烈风暴以及热带暴雨洪水。材料和罩面漆的选择也考虑到以上两个因素：例如航海级的不锈钢用高品质的罩面漆来阻止由盐雾造成的进一步的风化；木材的使用仅限于能够可持续获得的重蚁木，它可以承受大范围的快速的湿度变化并在其它树木可能进一步腐烂的环境下还能保持较长的使用寿命。铺路的材料的选择考虑到长期的耐用性，也反映出了区域的地貌特征。多米尼加楔石，贝壳骨料混凝土铺路以及软质石灰石步道等做法实现了与更大范围的地质环境视觉上和触觉上的联系。植物的种植关注地区特有的、本土的植物群落。种植设计体验了公园的多种用途，同时创造了一个简洁有力的视觉语言来定义公园空间。

The selection of project materials was significantly influenced by the project context with particular emphasis was placed on constructing the park with high-quality materials that reflect the City’s growing prominence as an international destination. Also, the park’s context at the edge of the Atlantic Ocean and the pervasive humid, sub-tropical climate of South Florida required the selection of durable materials that have the capacity to withstand not only heavy, urban park use, but also the strong erosive forces of the coastal environment, such as salt spray, hurricane force winds and tropical storm deluges. Materials and finishes adapted to both contexts such as marine-grade stainless steel with high-quality finishes to deter advanced weathering due to salt spray and the use of wood was limited to sustainably-harvested ipe, to withstand wide and rapid fluctuations in moisture while providing a long lifespan in an environment where other woods would be subject to advanced rot and decay. Paving materials were designed for long-term durability but to also reflect the regional geomorphology. Dominican keystone, shell aggregate concrete paving, and coquina pathways draw visual and tactile connections to the larger geologic context underpinning the site. The planting palette focuses on regional, endemic plant communities. The planting design reflects the park’s various program uses while creating a simple and powerful visual language to define park spaces

公园紧邻生态敏感区域的区位条件要求大量地与当地和国家机构进行协调来确保其设计能符合严格的滨海环境要求。建筑和构筑物的设计要能适应沿海风暴和飓风。斜坡和土方工程则使用当地的石灰石进行路基工程，海丘沙滩的修复则使用海滩质沙子。场地照明的设计不仅提供了夜间的观光体验，标志着游轮的通过点，还考虑了一年一度的海龟返巢的现象。在为期六个月的海龟筑巢季节，塔灯的灯光改变成琥珀色的长波灯光，这不会干扰到海龟的孵化以及返回大海。

The Park’s immediate adjacency to sensitive environments required extensive coordination with local and state agencies to ensure compliance with the stringent coastal and environmental permitting requirements. Buildings and structures were designed to safely accommodate coastal storms and hurricane forces. Grading and earthwork included the use of indigenous limerock for subgrade construction and beach-quality sand in areas of beach dune restoration. Custom site lighting was designed to provide a signature night-time experience and announce the point of passage to cruise ships and they signify the annual phenomena of sea turtles retuning to the beach to nest. During the six month turtle nesting season, pylon lights change to an amber long wavelength light which does not interfere with hatchlings and their return to the ocean.

鉴于该项目紧邻敏感多变的海岸水文环境，园林安装了雨水采集系统。22英亩土地上的几乎所有雨水都予以收集并就地贮存。为了处理南佛罗里达州亚热带气候雨季时的大量降水，公园利用减缓场地坡度以引导地表径流在小量降水时期流向大片的原生植被区域，以达到渗透的目的并尽可能地减少对传统排水设施的依赖。如果是25年一遇或更大的风暴，草坪区域可以作为临时的蓄洪盆地，通过注入井来补给深层含水层，从而阻止雨水进入大西洋、海湾或者入海口。

Given the project’s immediate adjacency to sensitive coastal hydrology and includes an integrated system of rainwater collection and harvesting. Nearly all the rainwater that falls on the 22-acre site is harvested and retained on site. To address the seasonal sub-tropical rainfalls of south Florida, site grading was utilized to direct surface flow during small rain events into large areas of native plantings, which allow for infiltration and to minimize reliance on traditional drainage structures. During 25-year or greater storm events, lawn areas serve as temporary detention basins that replenish deep aquifers (through injection wells) and thereby prevent stormwater from entering the Ocean, Bay or Inlet.

种植设计理念反映出公园的多功能用途，同时也创造出一种简单而有力的视觉语言从而很好地体现了园内的各种空间。为了达到直接的视觉冲击，超过450棵原有树木被移植到苗圃内，当主体工程建设完成后就立即重新植入场地。公园较为活跃的休闲区域种上了耐旱耐盐的海滨雀稗，周围则被原生蒲葵及椰子树环绕。沿海岸一排排人造沙丘及贝壳小路带领人们走向大片的原生耐寒海滨植被，包括海滨燕麦草、铁路藤、项链圆荚以及丝兰属。沿着沙滩的北长廊一簇簇种植的灌木丛，缓冲了毗邻的住宅开发项目带来的视觉影响，这样的设计也扩大了种植着硬木植被的原生栖息地。而滨海大道散步长廊则种满了当地的美国梧桐以及一簇簇开着花的原生地被植物。

The planting design concept reflects the park’s various program uses while creating a simple and powerful visual language to define these park spaces. To achieve an immediate visual impact, over 450 existing trees and palms were transplanted to an on-site nursery then relocated once major construction was completed. The park’s active recreation zones were planted with Seashore Paspalum, a drought and salt tolerant grass, and embraced by an informal massing of native Sabal Palms and Coconut Palms. Along the ocean side, a series of man-made dunes and coquina shell paths lead through masses of native/xeric coastal vegetation, including Sea Oats, Railroad Vine, Gaillardia, Necklace Pod and Yucca species. Along the north promenade to the Beach, a series of planted bosques buffers the view both to and from the adjacent residential development, and is designed to augment the native habitat of the more informally planted hammock areas. The Ocean Drive Promenade is planted with native Green Buttonwoods, and alternating bands of flowering native groundcovers.