每日口语|只要两个句子,解决虚拟语气的所有问题!
应微信网友Erin的要求,今天讲讲虚拟语气这个语法内容。多年的教学经验总结出一个规律,被问及语法有什么问题,大多数同学异口同声的是虚拟语气,原因在于用的少,以及学校里对虚拟语气声东击西地考试形式,今天化繁为简,尽量给大家讲清楚。
一、表示与现在事实相反的情况:
从句:If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do
eg:
1.If I were you,I would ask her out.
如果我是你,我会约她的。(事实:我不可能是你)
2.If I knew her number, I would tell you.
如果我知道她的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
(注意:一般在虚拟的条件句中无论是第几人称,用到系动词的过去式时,只用were而不用was)
二、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:If 主语+had+done
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done
eg:
1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
2.If I had taken your advice, I would not have made such a mistake. 如果我听你的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没听你的话)
3.You looked at me as if I had been a stranger.
你看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。(事实:我并非陌生人,你是不是失忆了?)
三、表示对将来情况的主观推测
主句:主语+should+do
从句:
①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were
eg:
1.If James should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.
如果詹姆斯明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)
2.If there were a heavy rain next week,we would not have a road trip.
如果下周下大雨,我们就不能去自驾游了。(事实:下雨可能性很小)
主句和从句里的动词之间与事实不符或者相反等情况也有很多种可能性,具体情况需要具体分析,但请记得虚拟语气的基本套路就:“1.从句+过去式,主句+would;2.从句+had done, 主句+would have done” 记住这两个句子,就可以应对大多数的虚拟语气表达场景了。
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作者:曾琪(James)