图5 足关节受累 ▌ 大关节受累RA的特点是累及小关节,但在许多情况下,RA会累及包括肘关节、肩关节、髋关节等在内的大关节。总而言之,RA是一种慢性关节炎症性疾病,会导致难以挽回、不可逆的关节畸形,有时甚至危及生命。免疫致病方面的进展有助于深入了解RA的发病机制。然而,仍有许多问题需要解决。患者应该严格控制、积极治疗,以减缓疾病的进展,避免关节畸形以及严重的颈椎累及,从而改善生活质量提高生存率。参考资料:1.Sharif,K.,et al.,Rheumatoid arthritis in review:Clinical,anatomical,cellular and molecular points of view.Clin Anat,2018.31(2):p.216-223.2.Reiter,M.F.and S.D.Boden,Inflammatory disorders of the cervical spine.Spine(Phila Pa 1976),1998.23(24):p.2755-66.3.Kim,H.J.,et al.,Cervical spine disease in rheumatoid arthritis:incidence,manifestations,and therapy.Curr Rheumatol Rep,2015.17(2):p.9.4.Borman,P.,et al.,Foot problems in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis:an unmet need for foot care.Open Rheumatol J,2012.6:p.290-5.5.Louwerens,J.W.and J.C.Schrier,Rheumatoid forefoot deformity:pathophysiology,evaluation and operative treatment options.Int Orthop,2013.37(9):p.1719-29.