二十年来风波未了——从《男孩别哭》说起
Boys Don't Cry opened in theaters Oct. 22, 1999, first on 25 screens before spreading to hundreds.
《男孩别哭》于1999年10月22日在各大影院上映，先是在25家影院上映，后来发展到数百家影院。
It became a runaway hit that drew rave reviews for its empathetic portrayal of a young person on a quest for love and acceptance — based on the true story of murdered Nebraskan Brandon Teena — at a time when transgender characters were just not represented on screen.
这部影片因其对一个寻求爱和接纳的年轻人的富有同情心的刻画而获得了热烈的好评，它是根据被谋杀的内布拉斯加人布兰登·丁娜的真实故事改编的，以前跨性别角色还没有出现在银幕上过。
When Riki Wilchins began transitioning in the late 1970s, she says there was very little trans visibility, even in large cities.
20世纪70年代末时，瑞基·威尔金斯开始变性，她说哪怕在大城市里，变性人也是很罕见的。
"Trans people were like unicorns," Wilchins says.
“变性人就像独角兽一样稀有，”威尔金斯说道。
"I mean, no one had actually seen one in the wild. There was really no one to talk to. The term transgender wasn't even in use."
“我的意思是，没有人在生活中真正看到过。也没有人可以交流。跨性别这个词当时甚至都还没有发明。”
In the early 1990s, Wilchins co-founded Transexual Menace, one of the first transgender rights organizations.
20世纪90年代初，威尔金斯与人共同创立了“跨性危机”组织，这是最早的跨性别权利组织之一。
Among its first goals was the documentation of anti-trans murders, which often went unreported.
它的首要目标之一是对反变性人谋杀的记录，而这些记录往往没有被报道。
And when they were, says Wilchins, the stories were often coded.
威尔金斯说道，刚开始的时候，好多故事得用化名。
"When trans people were killed the only way we would find out about it was there would be four paragraphs in the back of the local paper, you know, 'Man Found Wearing Articles Of Women's Clothing Murdered In Alley,' says Wilchins.
“当变性人被杀时，我们唯一能找到的方式就是在当地报纸的最后后面有四段，你知道吗，'男人穿着女人的衣服在胡同里被谋杀’，威尔金斯说道。
"And that meant that a transgender woman had been violently murdered, but you had to kind of read backwards."
“这意味着一名变性人到了暴力谋杀，而你不得不把报纸倒过来读。”
The murder of 21-year-old Brandon Teena was different — it garnered national headlines.
21岁的布兰登·蒂娜的谋杀案则不同，它成为了全国的头条新闻。
In 1993, Teena was killed in the town of Humboldt, Neb., along with two witnesses, Lisa Lambert and Phillip DeVine.
1993年，蒂娜在内布拉斯加州洪堡镇被杀，两名目击者丽莎·兰伯特和菲利普·迪瓦恩也被杀害。
The brutal triple homicide garnered salacious, victim-blaming headlines, such as "Cross-Dresser Killed Two Weeks After Town Learned Her True Identity."
这三起残忍的凶杀案引发了针对受害者的淫荡、谴责的头条新闻，比如“变性人在人们得知她的真实身份两周后被杀”。
When two men stood trial for the murders, members of Transexual Menace and their allies planned a vigil outside the Falls City, Neb. courthouse.
当两名涉嫌谋杀的男子受审时，跨性威胁组织的成员和他们的盟友计划在内布拉斯加州福尔斯城法院外守夜。
They were met with a harsh reception, recalls Kimberly Peirce, who directed and co-wrote Boys Don't Cry.
导演兼编剧金伯利·皮尔斯回忆说，他们受到了严厉的对待。
"We were standing in front of the court building and guys would go by in their big truck and scream terrible things at us and throw things," Peirce says.
“我们站在法院大楼前，人们开着他们的大卡车经过，对我们大喊大叫，扔东西，”皮尔斯说道。
"And certainly us being there, you know, was catalyzing some kind of anger and that was scary."
“当然，我们在那里，你知道的，催化了某种愤怒，那是非常可怕的。”
Peirce, then a graduate film student at Columbia University, had hitched a ride to the trial with Riki Wilchins and other members of Transexual Menace.
当时，皮尔斯还是哥伦比亚大学电影专业的研究生，他和里基·威尔金斯以及“变性危机”的其他成员一起搭上了前往审判的便车。
She decided to make her thesis film about Brandon Teena after reading an article about him in the Village Voice.
她在《乡村之声》上读到一篇关于布兰登·提娜的文章后，决定把他拍成电影。
"I fell instantly in love with Brandon," Peirce says.
“我立刻爱上了布兰登，”皮尔斯说。
"I was coming at it as a person who was discovering my own gender queerness, and getting to know trans people, and saying, 'Help me tell this story in a way that would be the most authentic.' And I wanted to tell his story as a movie so that other people could empathize with him."
“我是作为一个发现自己的非常规性别身份、了解跨性别人士的人来讲述这个故事的，我想说，'请帮助我以一种最真实的方式来讲述这个故事。’”’我想把他的故事拍成电影，这样其他人就能理解他了。”
Peirce's thesis evolved into a full-length feature film, and over the next four years she immersed herself in Brandon Teena's world, returning to Falls City to interview his girlfriend and other townspeople.
皮尔斯的论文变成了一部长篇电影，在接下来的四年里，她沉浸在布兰登·蒂娜的世界里，并回到福尔斯城采访他的女朋友和其他镇民。
When it was time to cast the film, she says hundreds of actors auditioned, starting with the trans community.
她说，电影选角的时候，有数百名演员参加了试镜，首先就是变性人群体。
But Peirce says trans actors were harder to find than they are today.
但是皮尔斯说，那时的变性演员比现在更难找。
The part ultimately went to a relatively unknown cisgender actress: Hilary Swank.
这个角色最终交给了一个相对不太出名的顺性别女演员:希拉里·斯万克。
When Swank won an Oscar for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her portrayal of Brandon Teena, she used her acceptance speech to honor his courage.
当斯万克因饰演布兰登·丁娜而获得奥斯卡最佳女主角奖时，她在获奖感言中赞扬了导演的勇气。
As the first film to introduce mainstream audiences to a transgender man, Boys Don't Cry was a landmark, says Nick Adams, director of transgender representation at GLAAD.
作为第一部向主流观众介绍跨性别男性的电影，《男孩不哭》是一个里程碑，反歧视同志联盟的变性人代表主任尼克·亚当斯说。
But today, Adams says we expect trans roles to be played by trans actors, who now appear in such popular television shows as Good Girls and Grey's Anatomy.
但是今天，亚当斯说，我们期待变性人角色由变性演员来扮演，他们现在已经出现在诸如《好女孩》和《实习医生格蕾》这样受欢迎的电视节目中。
He points to Orange is the New Black's Laverne Cox.
他提到了《女子监狱》里的拉文·考克斯。
"Prior to Orange is the New Black, almost every transgender character was portrayed by a cisgender actor," Adams says.
“在《女子监狱》之前，几乎所有的跨性别角色都是由顺性别演员扮演的，”亚当斯说。
"And with transgender women, men playing them, which only reinforced in people's minds that transgender women are not women, but just men in dresses."
“对于变性人，假如由男性去扮演他们，这只会让人们更加坚信，跨性别女性不是女性，只是穿着女装的男性。”
Transgender directors and writers also work behind the scenes on hits including Transparent and Pose.
变性人导演和编剧也在幕后拍摄了一些热门影视剧，包括《透明家庭》和《姿态》。
At the same time, Boys Don't Cry has taken on a more complicated legacy.
与此同时，《男孩不哭》还沿袭了一个更复杂的传统。
Some trans audiences object to the brutal violence depicted in the film, others to Peirce's decision to cast a cisgender actress.
那就是有一些变性人观众反对电影中所描绘的残酷暴力，另一些人则反对皮尔斯让一个顺性别的女演员来出演。
Wilchins says sure, the film might not be made the same way today, but Peirce doesn't deserve the backlash.
威尔金斯说，当然了，今天再拍这部电影的话方式可能会不同，但皮尔斯不应该承受这种指责。
"It's not fair to go back and apply standards 20 years later that didn't exist back then," Wilchins says.
威尔金斯说:“用20年后当时还不存在的标准去要求这部电影是不公平的。
"What she did is a major, major accomplishment. It legitimated and made possible all of these other representations that we've had since."
“她所做的是一项重大成就。它使我们此后的所有其他交涉变得合法化并成为了可能。”
That includes an increasing number of nonbinary characters who are portrayed by nonbinary actors. One of those actors, Asia Kate Dillon, of Showtime's Billions, has called on the major acting awards to jettison gendered acting categories altogether.
这包括越来越多由非常规性别的演员扮演的相关角色，来自十亿演戏时间的演员阿西亚·凯特·狄龙就是其中之一，她呼吁各大表演奖项取消按性别分类的表演奖项。
Although visibility continues to expand, violence against trans people persists.
尽管人们对变性人的关注不断扩大，但针对变性人的暴力行为依然存在。
According to the most recent figures, at least 19 trans people have been killed so far this year, the majority trans women of color.
根据最新的数据，今年到目前为止，至少有19名变性人被杀，其中大多数是有色人种的变性女性。
Nevertheless, Wilchins says she's hopeful that will change, encouraged by other recent studies that indicate that binary definitions of gender have less meaning for the next generation.
然而，威尔金斯说，她希望这种情况会改变，因为最近的其他研究表明，性别的二元定义对下一代的影响更小了。
问题：
文中提到了哪两部由变性人幕后制作的影视剧？
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