一般过去式定义1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago等。如:I got up at 6:30 yesterday.我昨天6:30起床。【动作】She was at home last night.她昨天晚上在家。【状态】在英语语法中,“时“指 动作 发生的时间,”态“指动作的样子和 状态 。2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用。如:He always went to work by bus last year.去年他一直乘公共汽车上班。判断标志1. 与ago连用的时间状语如:a moment ago, two minutes ago, six months ago, one week ago… 等We were primary students 5 years ago.五年前我们是小学生。2. 与last 连用的时间状语last week, last year, last month, last day…He suddenly fell ill last night.他昨晚突然病倒了。3. 与 yesterday 连用的时间状语yesterday morning, yesterday morning …We weren't late yesterday. 我们昨天没迟到.※the day before yesterday 昨天4. 与 one 连用的时间状语one morning 某个早上, one evening 某个夜晚5. 与that连用的时间状语that day, that morning, that year…6. 其他时间状语just now 刚刚 in the old days 在过去in 1980 at that time在那时构成含有be动词的一般过去时的主结构:主语+was/were+表语1、肯定句:主语+was/were+表语。例如:I was an English teacher one year ago.一年前我是一名英语老师。2、否定句:主语+was/were+not+表语。例如:I wasn't an English teacher one year ago.一年前我不是一名英语老师。3、一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+表语。例如:Were you an English teacher one year ago?一年前你是一名英语老师吗?4、疑问词+was/were+主语+其它?例如:What were you one year ago?一年前你是做什么的?注意①主语为第一人称单数或第三人称单数时,用was,其它人称一律用were.②变成否定句时,只需在was/were后直接加not就行了。③变成一般疑问句时,只需把was/were提到主语前面即可。④变成特殊疑问句时,一般是特殊疑问词后加一般疑问句,如果特殊疑问词是who,不用改变原句的语序。如:His father was very busy last week.→How was his father last week?(先选特殊疑问词how,然后把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句语序,即把His father was last week变成was his father last week)His father was very busy last week.(画线提问)→Who was very busy week?(只需用特殊疑问词who替换掉原句中的主语his father即可,不必考虑其它方面。)含有实义动词(行为动词)的一般过去时的主结构:主语+动词的过去时+其它1、肯定句:主语+动词的过去时+其它。I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。2. 否定句:主语+did+not+动词原形+其他【did not 缩写didn't】I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。3.一般疑问句:Did+主要+动词原形+其他?Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问句+did+主要+动词原形+其他?When did you buy a yellow dress?你什么时候买了一条黄裙子?注意①谓语动词为实义动词时,不受主语限制,用对动词的过去时形式就可以。②不论主语是什么人称,在变成否定句时,只需在主语与谓语动词之间加上didn’t,并把后面的谓语动词由过去时形式变成动词原形。③在变成一般疑问句时,只需在原句前加上助动词did,并把后面的谓语动词由过去时形式变成动词原形。④在变成特殊疑问句时,除了提问句子的主语不用更改原句的语序,提问其它成分要把原句变成一般疑问句语序。如:He played basketball yesterday.(画线提问)→Who played basketball yesterday.(提问句子的主语,只需用who替换原句中的主语he即可。)He played basketball yesterday.(画线提问)→What did he play yesterday?(提问句子的宾语,用特殊疑问词what,然后把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句语序,即把He played yesterday变成did he play yesterday)动词过去式的变化规则(一)系动词be 的过去式有两种形式:was 和were。其中was 是am和is的过去式,were 是are的过去式。(二)实义动词(行为动词)的过去时分规则动词的过去时和不规则动词的过去时的两种。规则动词的过去时变化规则(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如:play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed,Destroy— destroyed, sign—signed.(2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后,只加-d。如:like—liked, provide—provided, hate — hated, date—dated。(3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后,则改y为i,再加ed。如:supply—supplied, fly—flied, study— studied.(4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted, ban—banned.★重读闭音节三要素:(1)一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母(2)以一个辅音音素结尾;(3)元音字母发短元音。★长元音 :[i:][ə:][a:][ɔ:][u:]短元音 :[e] [i] [ʌ] [æ][ə][ɔ][u]注意规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆:过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加—ed如果词尾有个e(不发音的),只需直接加上—d 。“辅音字母+y ”在词尾,变y为i加—ed 。“一辅重闭”作尾巴,双写之后加—ed 。不规则动词的过去时需单独记忆,详见文章末尾。基本用法1. 表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关) 。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。He was here just now.他刚才还在这里。What did you do yesterday?你昨天做了什么事?2. 在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。注:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would。He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now.他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us.每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。3. 表示主语过去的特征或性格。At that time she was very good at English.那时她英语学得很好。4. 一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。I wondered if you could help me.不知你能不能帮我一下。5. 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。I didn’t know you were here.没想到你在这里。注意:1. 表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared.他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。2. 注意在语境中理解“我刚才/原来还不……”。——Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码,好吗?我刚才没听清楚。——是2566666。常见考法对于一般过去时的考查,多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中,会让大家判断是否该用一般过去时,或动词过去式的正确变化,或一般过去时的句型构成。典型例题1:1. Xiao Lin went fishing this morning.(改为一般疑问句)答案:Did Xiao Lin go fishing this morning?解析:这是一道句型转换题,考查到同学们对一般过去时的句型构成的掌握。一般过去时的一般疑问句句型构成为:Did+主语+do+其他?,即句首加 Did,句中过去式还原。误区提醒有些句子,虽然没有表示过去明确时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!典型例题1:I didn''t know you (be)in Paris.答案:were解析:题干意思是“我不知道你在巴黎”。因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.使用口诀一般过去时并不难,过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。否定句很简单,didn't 站在动原前,其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记!常用句式转换1、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.昨天他在操场上打篮球。(变成否定句)→He didn’t play basketball on the playground yesterday.在主语和谓语动词之间加didn’t,谓语动词由过去时形式变成动词原形。2、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.变成一般疑问句→Did he play basketball on the playground yesterday.在原句前加上助动词did,谓语动词由过去时变成动词原形。3、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问→What did he play on the playground yesterday?分两步来做:一是先选准特殊疑问词,二是把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。4、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问→Where did he play basketball yesterday?分两步来做:一是先选准特殊疑问词,二是把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。5、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问→When did he play basketball on the playground?分两步来做:一是先选准特殊疑问词,二是把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。6、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问→What did he do on the playground yesterday?此题提问的是谓语动词及其宾语,用特殊疑问词what来提问,后面紧跟着助动词did,再加上原句主语,千万要注意,谓语动词处一定要用do,最后加上其它成分。7、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问→Who played basketball on the playground yesterday?提问句子主语最简单:只需用特殊疑问词who换掉原句中的主语即可。PPT讲解附不规则动