《老老恒言》原文
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生于清圣祖康熙三十八年,卒于高宗乾隆五十年,年八十七岁。诸生。少嗜学工诗,中年后,绝意进取。于所居累土为山,环植花木,以奉母,名之日慈山,因自号慈山居士。时或弹琴赋诗写兰石摹篆隶以抒其闲寂。后益耽著述,不下楼者三十年,所坐木榻穿而复补。性旷达,晚自营生圹,手植梅花成林。廷栋生平最爱贺铸诗,故所为大似北宋人。尝以《宋诗钞》漏略尚多,因搜采遗佚,为《宋百家诗存》二十八卷;他著有《产鹤亭诗集》七卷,《老老恒言》五卷,《易准》四卷,《昏礼通考》二十四卷,《孝经通释》十卷,《逸语》十卷,及《琴学内篇》一卷,《外篇》一卷,均《清史列传》并传于世。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"hr","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" ","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]},{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"本文仅摘选部分章节展示。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"h3","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"br","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"h3","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"卷一·安寝","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 少寐乃老年大患,《内经》谓“卫气不得入于阴。”常留于阳,则阴气虚,故目不瞑。载有方药,罕闻奏效。邵子曰:“寤则神栖于心。”又曰:“神统于心。”大抵以清心为切要。然心实最难把捉,必先平居静养。入寝时,将一切营为计虑,举念即除,渐除渐少,渐少渐无,自然可得安眠;若终日扰扰,七情火动,辗转牵怀,欲其一时消释得乎!","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 《南华经》曰:“其魂交。”养生家曰:“先睡心,后睡目。”俱空言拟议而已。愚谓寐有操纵二法,操者:如贯想头顶,默数鼻息,返观丹田之类。使心有所着,乃不纷驰,庶可获寐;纵者:任其心游思于杳[yǎo]渺无朕之区,亦可渐入朦胧之境。最忌者,心欲求寐,则寐愈难。盖醒与寐交界关头,断非意想所及,惟忘乎寐,则心之或操或纵,皆通睡乡之路。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 《语》曰:“寝不尸”,谓不仰卧也。相传希夷《安睡诀》:左侧卧,则屈左足,屈左臂,以手上承头伸右足,以右手置右股间,右侧卧,反是。半山翁诗云:“华山处士如容见,不觅仙方觅睡方。”此果其睡方耶!依此而卧,似较稳适,然亦不得太泥,但勿仰卧可也。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 《记·玉藻》曰:“寝恒东首。”谓顺生气而卧也。《保生心鉴》曰:“凡卧,春夏首宜向东,秋冬首向西。”愚谓寝处必安其常,《记》所云“恒”也。四时更变,反致不安。又曰:“首勿亲。”谓避阴气。《云笈七签》曰:“冬卧宜向北。”又谓乘旺气矣。按《家语》曰:“生者南向,死者北首。”皆从其初也。则凡东西设床者,卧以南首为当。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 卧不安,易多反侧,卧即安。醒时亦当转动,使络脉流通,否则半身板重,或腰肋痛、或肢节酸者有之。按释氏戒律:卧惟右侧,不得转动,名吉祥睡。此及戒其酣寐,速之醒也,与老年安寝之道,正相反。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 胃方纳食,脾未及化;或即倦而欲卧,须强耐之。《蠡海集》曰:“眼眶属脾,眼开眶动,脾应之而动。”又曰:“脾闻声则动,动所以化食也。”按脾与胃,同位中州,而膜联胃左,故脉居右而气常行于左。如食后必欲卧,宜右侧以舒脾之气。《续博物志》云:“卧不欲载胁。”亦此意,食远则左右胥宜。觉须手足伸舒,睡则不嫌屈缩。《续博物志》云:“卧欲足缩”是也,至冬夜愈屈缩则愈冷。《玉洞要略》曰:“伸足卧,一身俱暖。”试之极验。杨诚斋《雪诗》云:“今宵敢叹卧台弓。”所谓愈屈缩愈冷,非耶?","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 就寝即灭灯,目不外眩,则神守其舍。《云笈七签》曰:“夜寝燃灯,令人心神不安”;《真西山卫生歌》曰:“默寝暗眠神晏如。”亦有灭灯不成寐者,锡制灯龛,半边开小窦以通光,背帐置之,便不照耀及目。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 寝不得大声叫呼。盖寝则五脏如钟磬[qìng] 不悬,不可发声。养生家谓:“多言伤气”,平时亦宜少言,何况寝时!《玉笥要览》曰:“卧须闭口,则元气不出,邪气不入。”此静翕[xī,合,聚]之体,安贞之吉也,否则令人面失血色。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 头为诸阳之首。《摄生要论》曰:“冬宜冻脑”,又曰“卧不覆首”。有作睡帽者,放空其顶即冻脑之意;终嫌太热,用轻纱包头如妇人包头式。或狭或宽,可趁天时,亦惟意所适。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 腹为五脏之总,故腹本喜暖。老人下元虚弱,更宜加意暖之。办兜肚,将靳艾槌[chuí] 软铺匀,蒙以丝绵,细针密行,勿令散乱成块,夜卧必需,居常亦不可轻脱。又有以姜桂及麝诸药装入,可治腹作冷痛,段成式诗云:“见说自能裁裁衵肚,不知谁更着绡头。”(注:衵[rì] 肚,即今之兜肚。)","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 兜肚外再加肚束。腹不嫌过暖也,《古今注》谓之“腰采”,有似妇人袜胸。宽约七八寸,带系之,前护腹,旁护腰,后护命门。取益良多,不特卧时需之;亦有以温暖药装入者,解衣而寝,肩与颈被覆难密,制寝衣如半臂,薄装絮,上以护其肩,短及腰,前幅中分,扣钮如常,后幅下联横幅,围匝腰间,系以带,可代肚束。更缀领以护其颈,颈中央之脉:督脉也,名曰“风府”,不可着冷。领似常领之半,掩其颈后,舒其咽前,斯两得之矣。穿小袄卧,则如式作单者,加于外。《说丛》云:“乡党必有寝衣,长一身有半”,疑是度其身而半之。如今着小袄以便寝,义亦通。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"h3","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"卷一·晨兴","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 老年人,往往天未明而枕上已醒。凡脏腑有不安处,骨节有酸痛处,必于此生气时觉之。先以卧功,次第行数遍(卧功见二卷导引内),反侧至再,俟日色到窗,方可徐徐而起;乍起慎勿即出户外,即开窗牖。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 春宜夜卧早起,逆之则伤肝;夏同于春,逆之则伤心;秋宜早卧早起,逆之则伤肺;冬宜早卧晏起,逆之则伤肾。说见《内经》,养生家每引以为据。愚谓倦欲卧而勿卧,醒欲起而勿起,勉强转多不适。况乎日出而作,日入而息,昼动夜静,及一定之理,似不得以四时分别。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 冬月将起时,拥被披衣坐少顷,先进热饮,如乳酪莲子圆枣汤之属,以益脾;或饮醇酒,以鼓舞胃气。乐天诗,所谓“空腹三杯卯后酒”也。然亦当自审其宜,《易》“颐”卦《彖》曰:“观颐,观其所养也,自求口实,观其自养也。”晨起漱口,其常也。《洞微经》曰:“清早口含元气,不得漱而吐之,常以津漱口,即细细咽津”。愚谓卧时终宵呼吸,浊气上腾满口粘腻,此明证也。故去浊生清,惟漱为宜。《仲贤余话》曰:“早漱口,不若将卧而漱,然兼行之,亦无不可。”","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 漱用温水,但去齿垢。齿之患在火,有擦齿诸方,试之久俱无效。惟冷水漱口,习惯则寒冬亦不冰齿,可以永除齿患;即当欲落时,亦免作痛。鬃刷不可用,伤辅肉也,是为齿之祟。《抱朴子》曰:“牢齿之法,晨起叩齿三百下为良。”日已出而霜露未 ,晓气清寒,最易触人。至于雾蒸如烟,尤不可犯。元命包曰:“阴阳乱则为雾”;《尔雅》曰:“地气发,天不应曰雾”;《月令》曰:“仲冬行夏令,则氛雾冥冥”,其非天地之正气可知。更有入鼻微臭,即同山岚之瘴,毒弥甚焉。《皇极经世》曰:“水雾黑,火雾赤,土雾黄,石雾白。”每日空腹,食淡粥一瓯,能推陈致新,生津快胃,所益非细。如杂以甘咸之物,即等寻常饮食。扬子云《解嘲》文云:“大味必淡”;《本草》载有《粥记》,极言空腹食粥之妙;陆放翁诗云:“世人个个学长年,不司长年在目前。我得宛邱平易法,只将食粥致神仙。”","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 略进饮食后,如值日晴风定,就南窗下,背日光而坐,《列子》所谓“负日之暄”也。脊梁得有微暖,能使遍体和畅。日为太阳之精,其光壮人阳气,极为补益。过午阴气渐长,日光减暖,久坐非宜。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 长夏晨兴,勿辄进食以实胃。夏火盛阳,销铄肺阴,先进米饮以润肺,稼樯作甘,土能生金也。至于晓气清凉,爽人心目,惟早起乃得领略。寒山子曰:“早起不在鸡鸣前”,盖寅时初刻,为肺生气之始,正宜酣睡;至卯气入大肠,方可起身,稍进汤饮;至辰气入胃,乃得进食,此四时皆同。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"h3","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"卷一·盥洗","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 盥[guàn] 洗手也。洗发曰“沐”,洗面曰“靧[huì洗脸] ”,洗身曰“浴”,通谓之“洗”。养生家言“发宜多栉[zhì梳],不宜多洗,当风而沐,恐患头风”,至年老发稀,沐似可废。晨起先洗面,饭后午睡后,黄昏后,俱当习以为常。面为五脏之华,频洗所以发扬之。《太素经》曰:“手宜常在面”,谓两手频频擦面也,意同。冬月手冷,洗以热水,暖可移时,颇胜烘火。《记·玉藻》曰:“日五盥”,盖谓洗手不嫌频数耳。又《内则》云:“三日具沐其间,面垢燂潘请靧,足垢燂汤请洗”。 燂[tán烧热],温也;潘,淅米汁也,即俗所谓米泔水。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 洗面水不嫌过热,热则能行血气,冷则气滞,令人面无光泽。夏月井水阴寒,洗手亦恐手战,寒透骨也。《玉藻》曰:“沐稷而靧梁”,(注:沐稷,以淅稷之水洗发。靧梁,以淅梁之水洗面,皆泔水也。)泔水能去垢,故用之。去垢之物甚多,古人所以用此者,去垢而不乏精气,自较胜他物。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 浴必开发毛孔,遍及于体,如屡屡开发之,令人耗真气。谚云:多梳头,少洗浴。盛夏亦须隔三四日方可具浴,浴后阳气上腾,必洗面以宣畅其气;进饮食,眠少顷而起。至浴时易冒风邪,必于密室。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 《记·内则》云:“五日则燂汤请浴,盖浴水不可太热,温凉须适于体,故必燂汤。或浴久汤冷,另以大壶贮热者,置于浴盆旁,徐徐添入,使通体畅快而后已。《云笈七签》曰:“夜卧时,常以两手揩摩身体,名曰'干浴’。”《四时调摄论》曰:“饥忌浴”,谓腹虚不可复令耗气耳;又曰:“枸杞煎汤具浴,令人不病不老”,纵无确效,犹为无损。至有五枝汤,用桃枝柳枝之属,大能发汗,乏人精血。或因下体无汗,用以洗足。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 春秋非浴之时,如爱洁必欲具浴,密室中,大瓷缸盛水及半,以帐笼罩其上,然后入浴。浴罢,急穿衣,衣必加暖,如少觉冷,恐即成感冒;浴后当风,腠理开,风易感,感而即发,仅在皮毛,则为寒热;积久入里,患甚大,故风本宜避,浴后尤宜避。《论语》“浴乎沂,风乎舞雩”,狂士不过借以言志,暮春非浴之时,况复当风耶!","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 《清閟录》载香水洗身诸方,香能利窍,疏泄元气;但浴犹虑开发毛孔,复以香水开发之可乎?愚按《记》言“沐稷靧梁,不以稷与梁洗身香”,盖贵五谷之意。凡上品诸香,为造化之精气酝酿而成,似亦不当亵用。《藏器》云:“樟木煎汤,浴脚气疥癣风痒”。按樟辛烈香窜,尤不可无故取浴。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 有砖筑浴室,铁锅盛水,浴即坐锅中,火燃其下,温凉惟所欲,非不快适;曾闻有入浴者,锅破遂堕锅底,水与火并而及其身,吁!可以鉴矣!","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"h3","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"strong","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":"卷一·饮食","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 《记·内则》曰:“凡和,春多酸,夏多苦,秋多辛,冬多咸,调以滑甘。”(注:酸苦辛咸,木火金水之所属。)多其时味,所以养气也。四时皆调以滑甘,象土之寄也。孙思邈曰:“春少酸增甘,夏少苦增辛,秋少辛增酸,冬少咸增苦,四季少甘增咸。”《内则》意在乘旺,孙氏意在扶衰。要之无论四时,五味不可偏多。《抱朴子》曰:“酸多伤脾,苦多伤肺,辛多伤肝,咸多伤心,甘多伤肾。”此五味克五脏,乃五行自然之理也,凡言伤者,当时特未遽觉耳。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 凡食物不能废咸,但少加使淡,淡则物之真味真性俱得。每见多食咸物必发渴,咸属水润下,而反发渴者何?《内经》谓“血与咸相得则凝,凝则血燥”,其义似未显豁;《泰西水法》曰:“有如木烬成灰得卤”,可知咸由火生也,故卤水不冰。愚按物极必反,火极反咸则咸极反渴;又玩“坎”卦中画阳爻,即是水含火性之象,故肾中亦有真火。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 《记·内则》曰:“枣、栗、饴、蜜以甘之,堇、荁 、枌 、榆、免、薧、滫、瀡以滑之,脂膏以膏之。”愚按甘之以悦脾性,滑之以舒脾阳,膏之以益脾阴,三之字皆指脾言,古人养老调脾之法,服食即当药饵。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 《抱朴子》曰:“热食伤骨,令食伤肺,热毋灼唇,冷毋冰齿。”又曰:“冷热并陈,宜先食热,后食冷。”愚谓食物之冷热,当须乎时之自然,然过冷宁过热。如夏日伏阴在内,热食得有微汗妙。《内经》曰:“夏暑汗不出者,秋成风虐。”汗由气化,乃表里通塞之 念也。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 《卫生录》曰:“春不食肝,夏不食心,秋不食肺,冬不食肾,四季不食脾。当旺之时,不可犯以物之死气,但凡物总无活食之理。”其说太泥,《玉枢微旨》曰:“春不食肺,夏不食肾,秋不食心,冬不食脾,四季不食肝。”乃谓不食其所受克,此说理犹可通。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 夏至以后,秋分以前,外则暑阳渐炽,内则微阴初生,最当调停脾胃,勿进肥浓。《内经》曰:“厚为阴,薄为阳;厚则泄,薄则通。再瓜果生冷诸物,亦当慎。胃喜暖,暖则散,冷则凝,凝则胃先受伤,脾即不运。”《白虎通》曰:“胃者脾之府,脾禀气于胃,午前为生气,午后为死气,释氏有过午不食之说,避死气也。《内经》曰:“日中而阳气隆,日西而阳气虚。”故早饭可饱,午后即宜少食,至晚更必空虚。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 应璩[qú姓]《三叟诗》云:“中叟前致辞,量腹节所受。”“量腹”二字最妙,或多或少,非他人所知,须自己审量。节者今日如此,明日亦如此,宁少毋多。又《古诗》云:“努力加餐饭”,老年人不减足矣,加则必扰胃气。况努力定觉勉强,纵使一餐可加,后必不继,奚益焉?","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 勿极饥而食,食不过饱;勿极渴而饮,饮不过多。但使腹不空虚,则冲和之气,沦浃[jiā湿透]肌髓。《抱朴子》曰:“食欲数而少,不欲顿而多”,得此意也。凡食总以少为有益,脾易磨运,乃化精液;否则极补之物,多食反至受伤,故曰少食以安脾也。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 《洞微经》曰:“太饥伤脾,太饱伤气”,盖脾藉于谷,饥则脾无以运而虚脾;气转于脾,饱则脾过于实而滞气。故先饥而食,所以给脾;食不充脾,所以养气。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 《华陀食论》曰:“食物有三化:一火化,烂煮也;一口化,细嚼也;一腹化,入胃自化也。”老年惟藉火化,磨运易即输精多。若市脯每加消石,速其糜烂,虽同为火化,不宜频食,恐反削胃气。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 水陆之味,虽珍美毕备,每食忌杂。杂则五味相挠,定为胃患。《道德经》曰:“五味令人口爽”,爽:失也,谓口失正味也。不若次第分顿食之,乃能各得其味,适于口,亦适于胃。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[{"nodeName":"text","nodeValue":" 食后微滓留齿隙,最为齿累。以柳木削签,剔除务净,虎须尤妙;再煎浓茶,候冷连漱以荡之。韦庄诗“泻瓶如练色,漱口作泉声”;东坡云:“齿性便苦”。如食甘甜物,更当漱。每见年未及迈,齿即缺落者,乃甘味留齿,渐至生虫作{匿虫}[ni4]。公孙尼子曰:“食甘者,益于肉而骨不利也”,齿为肾之骨。","nodeType":"3","display":"inline","nodeAttrs":[],"childNodes":[]}]},{"nodeName":"p","nodeValue":null,"nodeType":"1","display":"block","nodeAttrs":[{"attrName":"style","attrValue":"text-align: 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少寐乃老年大患,《内经》谓“卫气不得入于阴。”常留于阳,则阴气虚,故目不瞑。载有方药,罕闻奏效。邵子曰:“寤则神栖于心。”又曰:“神统于心。”大抵以清心为切要。然心实最难把捉,必先平居静养。入寝时,将一切营为计虑,举念即除,渐除渐少,渐少渐无,自然可得安眠;若终日扰扰,七情火动,辗转牵怀,欲其一时消释得乎! 《南华经》曰:“其魂交。”养生家曰:“先睡心,后睡目。”俱空言拟议而已。愚谓寐有操纵二法,操者:如贯想头顶,默数鼻息,返观丹田之类。使心有所着,乃不纷驰,庶可获寐;纵者:任其心游思于杳[yǎo]渺无朕之区,亦可渐入朦胧之境。最忌者,心欲求寐,则寐愈难。盖醒与寐交界关头,断非意想所及,惟忘乎寐,则心之或操或纵,皆通睡乡之路。 《语》曰:“寝不尸”,谓不仰卧也。相传希夷《安睡诀》:左侧卧,则屈左足,屈左臂,以手上承头伸右足,以右手置右股间,右侧卧,反是。半山翁诗云:“华山处士如容见,不觅仙方觅睡方。”此果其睡方耶!依此而卧,似较稳适,然亦不得太泥,但勿仰卧可也。 《记·玉藻》曰:“寝恒东首。”谓顺生气而卧也。《保生心鉴》曰:“凡卧,春夏首宜向东,秋冬首向西。”愚谓寝处必安其常,《记》所云“恒”也。四时更变,反致不安。又曰:“首勿亲。”谓避阴气。《云笈七签》曰:“冬卧宜向北。”又谓乘旺气矣。按《家语》曰:“生者南向,死者北首。”皆从其初也。则凡东西设床者,卧以南首为当。 卧不安,易多反侧,卧即安。醒时亦当转动,使络脉流通,否则半身板重,或腰肋痛、或肢节酸者有之。按释氏戒律:卧惟右侧,不得转动,名吉祥睡。此及戒其酣寐,速之醒也,与老年安寝之道,正相反。 胃方纳食,脾未及化;或即倦而欲卧,须强耐之。《蠡海集》曰:“眼眶属脾,眼开眶动,脾应之而动。”又曰:“脾闻声则动,动所以化食也。”按脾与胃,同位中州,而膜联胃左,故脉居右而气常行于左。如食后必欲卧,宜右侧以舒脾之气。《续博物志》云:“卧不欲载胁。”亦此意,食远则左右胥宜。觉须手足伸舒,睡则不嫌屈缩。《续博物志》云:“卧欲足缩”是也,至冬夜愈屈缩则愈冷。《玉洞要略》曰:“伸足卧,一身俱暖。”试之极验。杨诚斋《雪诗》云:“今宵敢叹卧台弓。”所谓愈屈缩愈冷,非耶? 就寝即灭灯,目不外眩,则神守其舍。《云笈七签》曰:“夜寝燃灯,令人心神不安”;《真西山卫生歌》曰:“默寝暗眠神晏如。”亦有灭灯不成寐者,锡制灯龛,半边开小窦以通光,背帐置之,便不照耀及目。 寝不得大声叫呼。盖寝则五脏如钟磬[qìng] 不悬,不可发声。养生家谓:“多言伤气”,平时亦宜少言,何况寝时!《玉笥要览》曰:“卧须闭口,则元气不出,邪气不入。”此静翕[xī,合,聚]之体,安贞之吉也,否则令人面失血色。 头为诸阳之首。《摄生要论》曰:“冬宜冻脑”,又曰“卧不覆首”。有作睡帽者,放空其顶即冻脑之意;终嫌太热,用轻纱包头如妇人包头式。或狭或宽,可趁天时,亦惟意所适。 腹为五脏之总,故腹本喜暖。老人下元虚弱,更宜加意暖之。办兜肚,将靳艾槌[chuí] 软铺匀,蒙以丝绵,细针密行,勿令散乱成块,夜卧必需,居常亦不可轻脱。又有以姜桂及麝诸药装入,可治腹作冷痛,段成式诗云:“见说自能裁裁衵肚,不知谁更着绡头。”(注:衵[rì] 肚,即今之兜肚。) 兜肚外再加肚束。腹不嫌过暖也,《古今注》谓之“腰采”,有似妇人袜胸。宽约七八寸,带系之,前护腹,旁护腰,后护命门。取益良多,不特卧时需之;亦有以温暖药装入者,解衣而寝,肩与颈被覆难密,制寝衣如半臂,薄装絮,上以护其肩,短及腰,前幅中分,扣钮如常,后幅下联横幅,围匝腰间,系以带,可代肚束。更缀领以护其颈,颈中央之脉:督脉也,名曰“风府”,不可着冷。领似常领之半,掩其颈后,舒其咽前,斯两得之矣。穿小袄卧,则如式作单者,加于外。《说丛》云:“乡党必有寝衣,长一身有半”,疑是度其身而半之。如今着小袄以便寝,义亦通。卷一·晨兴 老年人,往往天未明而枕上已醒。凡脏腑有不安处,骨节有酸痛处,必于此生气时觉之。先以卧功,次第行数遍(卧功见二卷导引内),反侧至再,俟日色到窗,方可徐徐而起;乍起慎勿即出户外,即开窗牖。 春宜夜卧早起,逆之则伤肝;夏同于春,逆之则伤心;秋宜早卧早起,逆之则伤肺;冬宜早卧晏起,逆之则伤肾。说见《内经》,养生家每引以为据。愚谓倦欲卧而勿卧,醒欲起而勿起,勉强转多不适。况乎日出而作,日入而息,昼动夜静,及一定之理,似不得以四时分别。 冬月将起时,拥被披衣坐少顷,先进热饮,如乳酪莲子圆枣汤之属,以益脾;或饮醇酒,以鼓舞胃气。乐天诗,所谓“空腹三杯卯后酒”也。然亦当自审其宜,《易》“颐”卦《彖》曰:“观颐,观其所养也,自求口实,观其自养也。”晨起漱口,其常也。《洞微经》曰:“清早口含元气,不得漱而吐之,常以津漱口,即细细咽津”。愚谓卧时终宵呼吸,浊气上腾满口粘腻,此明证也。故去浊生清,惟漱为宜。《仲贤余话》曰:“早漱口,不若将卧而漱,然兼行之,亦无不可。” 漱用温水,但去齿垢。齿之患在火,有擦齿诸方,试之久俱无效。惟冷水漱口,习惯则寒冬亦不冰齿,可以永除齿患;即当欲落时,亦免作痛。鬃刷不可用,伤辅肉也,是为齿之祟。《抱朴子》曰:“牢齿之法,晨起叩齿三百下为良。”日已出而霜露未 ,晓气清寒,最易触人。至于雾蒸如烟,尤不可犯。元命包曰:“阴阳乱则为雾”;《尔雅》曰:“地气发,天不应曰雾”;《月令》曰:“仲冬行夏令,则氛雾冥冥”,其非天地之正气可知。更有入鼻微臭,即同山岚之瘴,毒弥甚焉。《皇极经世》曰:“水雾黑,火雾赤,土雾黄,石雾白。”每日空腹,食淡粥一瓯,能推陈致新,生津快胃,所益非细。如杂以甘咸之物,即等寻常饮食。扬子云《解嘲》文云:“大味必淡”;《本草》载有《粥记》,极言空腹食粥之妙;陆放翁诗云:“世人个个学长年,不司长年在目前。我得宛邱平易法,只将食粥致神仙。” 略进饮食后,如值日晴风定,就南窗下,背日光而坐,《列子》所谓“负日之暄”也。脊梁得有微暖,能使遍体和畅。日为太阳之精,其光壮人阳气,极为补益。过午阴气渐长,日光减暖,久坐非宜。 长夏晨兴,勿辄进食以实胃。夏火盛阳,销铄肺阴,先进米饮以润肺,稼樯作甘,土能生金也。至于晓气清凉,爽人心目,惟早起乃得领略。寒山子曰:“早起不在鸡鸣前”,盖寅时初刻,为肺生气之始,正宜酣睡;至卯气入大肠,方可起身,稍进汤饮;至辰气入胃,乃得进食,此四时皆同。卷一·盥洗 盥[guàn] 洗手也。洗发曰“沐”,洗面曰“靧[huì洗脸] ”,洗身曰“浴”,通谓之“洗”。养生家言“发宜多栉[zhì梳],不宜多洗,当风而沐,恐患头风”,至年老发稀,沐似可废。晨起先洗面,饭后午睡后,黄昏后,俱当习以为常。面为五脏之华,频洗所以发扬之。《太素经》曰:“手宜常在面”,谓两手频频擦面也,意同。冬月手冷,洗以热水,暖可移时,颇胜烘火。《记·玉藻》曰:“日五盥”,盖谓洗手不嫌频数耳。又《内则》云:“三日具沐其间,面垢燂潘请靧,足垢燂汤请洗”。 燂[tán烧热],温也;潘,淅米汁也,即俗所谓米泔水。 洗面水不嫌过热,热则能行血气,冷则气滞,令人面无光泽。夏月井水阴寒,洗手亦恐手战,寒透骨也。《玉藻》曰:“沐稷而靧梁”,(注:沐稷,以淅稷之水洗发。靧梁,以淅梁之水洗面,皆泔水也。)泔水能去垢,故用之。去垢之物甚多,古人所以用此者,去垢而不乏精气,自较胜他物。 浴必开发毛孔,遍及于体,如屡屡开发之,令人耗真气。谚云:多梳头,少洗浴。盛夏亦须隔三四日方可具浴,浴后阳气上腾,必洗面以宣畅其气;进饮食,眠少顷而起。至浴时易冒风邪,必于密室。 《记·内则》云:“五日则燂汤请浴,盖浴水不可太热,温凉须适于体,故必燂汤。或浴久汤冷,另以大壶贮热者,置于浴盆旁,徐徐添入,使通体畅快而后已。《云笈七签》曰:“夜卧时,常以两手揩摩身体,名曰'干浴’。”《四时调摄论》曰:“饥忌浴”,谓腹虚不可复令耗气耳;又曰:“枸杞煎汤具浴,令人不病不老”,纵无确效,犹为无损。至有五枝汤,用桃枝柳枝之属,大能发汗,乏人精血。或因下体无汗,用以洗足。 春秋非浴之时,如爱洁必欲具浴,密室中,大瓷缸盛水及半,以帐笼罩其上,然后入浴。浴罢,急穿衣,衣必加暖,如少觉冷,恐即成感冒;浴后当风,腠理开,风易感,感而即发,仅在皮毛,则为寒热;积久入里,患甚大,故风本宜避,浴后尤宜避。《论语》“浴乎沂,风乎舞雩”,狂士不过借以言志,暮春非浴之时,况复当风耶! 《清閟录》载香水洗身诸方,香能利窍,疏泄元气;但浴犹虑开发毛孔,复以香水开发之可乎?愚按《记》言“沐稷靧梁,不以稷与梁洗身香”,盖贵五谷之意。凡上品诸香,为造化之精气酝酿而成,似亦不当亵用。《藏器》云:“樟木煎汤,浴脚气疥癣风痒”。按樟辛烈香窜,尤不可无故取浴。 有砖筑浴室,铁锅盛水,浴即坐锅中,火燃其下,温凉惟所欲,非不快适;曾闻有入浴者,锅破遂堕锅底,水与火并而及其身,吁!可以鉴矣!卷一·饮食 《记·内则》曰:“凡和,春多酸,夏多苦,秋多辛,冬多咸,调以滑甘。”(注:酸苦辛咸,木火金水之所属。)多其时味,所以养气也。四时皆调以滑甘,象土之寄也。孙思邈曰:“春少酸增甘,夏少苦增辛,秋少辛增酸,冬少咸增苦,四季少甘增咸。”《内则》意在乘旺,孙氏意在扶衰。要之无论四时,五味不可偏多。《抱朴子》曰:“酸多伤脾,苦多伤肺,辛多伤肝,咸多伤心,甘多伤肾。”此五味克五脏,乃五行自然之理也,凡言伤者,当时特未遽觉耳。 凡食物不能废咸,但少加使淡,淡则物之真味真性俱得。每见多食咸物必发渴,咸属水润下,而反发渴者何?《内经》谓“血与咸相得则凝,凝则血燥”,其义似未显豁;《泰西水法》曰:“有如木烬成灰得卤”,可知咸由火生也,故卤水不冰。愚按物极必反,火极反咸则咸极反渴;又玩“坎”卦中画阳爻,即是水含火性之象,故肾中亦有真火。 《记·内则》曰:“枣、栗、饴、蜜以甘之,堇、荁 、枌 、榆、免、薧、滫、瀡以滑之,脂膏以膏之。”愚按甘之以悦脾性,滑之以舒脾阳,膏之以益脾阴,三之字皆指脾言,古人养老调脾之法,服食即当药饵。 《抱朴子》曰:“热食伤骨,令食伤肺,热毋灼唇,冷毋冰齿。”又曰:“冷热并陈,宜先食热,后食冷。”愚谓食物之冷热,当须乎时之自然,然过冷宁过热。如夏日伏阴在内,热食得有微汗妙。《内经》曰:“夏暑汗不出者,秋成风虐。”汗由气化,乃表里通塞之 念也。 《卫生录》曰:“春不食肝,夏不食心,秋不食肺,冬不食肾,四季不食脾。当旺之时,不可犯以物之死气,但凡物总无活食之理。”其说太泥,《玉枢微旨》曰:“春不食肺,夏不食肾,秋不食心,冬不食脾,四季不食肝。”乃谓不食其所受克,此说理犹可通。 夏至以后,秋分以前,外则暑阳渐炽,内则微阴初生,最当调停脾胃,勿进肥浓。《内经》曰:“厚为阴,薄为阳;厚则泄,薄则通。再瓜果生冷诸物,亦当慎。胃喜暖,暖则散,冷则凝,凝则胃先受伤,脾即不运。”《白虎通》曰:“胃者脾之府,脾禀气于胃,午前为生气,午后为死气,释氏有过午不食之说,避死气也。《内经》曰:“日中而阳气隆,日西而阳气虚。”故早饭可饱,午后即宜少食,至晚更必空虚。 应璩[qú姓]《三叟诗》云:“中叟前致辞,量腹节所受。”“量腹”二字最妙,或多或少,非他人所知,须自己审量。节者今日如此,明日亦如此,宁少毋多。又《古诗》云:“努力加餐饭”,老年人不减足矣,加则必扰胃气。况努力定觉勉强,纵使一餐可加,后必不继,奚益焉? 勿极饥而食,食不过饱;勿极渴而饮,饮不过多。但使腹不空虚,则冲和之气,沦浃[jiā湿透]肌髓。《抱朴子》曰:“食欲数而少,不欲顿而多”,得此意也。凡食总以少为有益,脾易磨运,乃化精液;否则极补之物,多食反至受伤,故曰少食以安脾也。 《洞微经》曰:“太饥伤脾,太饱伤气”,盖脾藉于谷,饥则脾无以运而虚脾;气转于脾,饱则脾过于实而滞气。故先饥而食,所以给脾;食不充脾,所以养气。 《华陀食论》曰:“食物有三化:一火化,烂煮也;一口化,细嚼也;一腹化,入胃自化也。”老年惟藉火化,磨运易即输精多。若市脯每加消石,速其糜烂,虽同为火化,不宜频食,恐反削胃气。 水陆之味,虽珍美毕备,每食忌杂。杂则五味相挠,定为胃患。《道德经》曰:“五味令人口爽”,爽:失也,谓口失正味也。不若次第分顿食之,乃能各得其味,适于口,亦适于胃。 食后微滓留齿隙,最为齿累。以柳木削签,剔除务净,虎须尤妙;再煎浓茶,候冷连漱以荡之。韦庄诗“泻瓶如练色,漱口作泉声”;东坡云:“齿性便苦”。如食甘甜物,更当漱。每见年未及迈,齿即缺落者,乃甘味留齿,渐至生虫作{匿虫}[ni4]。公孙尼子曰:“食甘者,益于肉而骨不利也”,齿为肾之骨。"}