伦敦高层公寓大火引发的思考
第一部分 关于伦敦大火的报道摘要
Seventy-two people died after a huge fire engulfed Grenfell Tower, a west London residential tower block, in the early hours of Wednesday, 14 June 2017.
最近BBC发表了一篇调查结果，着火原因指向保温材料PIR
Panorama understands the manufacturer, Celotex, used extra fire retardant in the product that qualified for the safety certificate.
说是他们用了额外的阻燃剂来通过安全测试
A more flammable version was then sold for public use, the programme believes.
一个更易燃的版本卖给了公众
Celotex said it is co-operating with the police investigation and inquiry.
The company said it could not comment further but wished to express its deepest sympathies to everyone who was and remains affected by the fire. But it has not denied any of Panorama's allegations.
Panorama also accused Celotex of mis-selling the insulation with misleading marketing.
The programme has been advised that the way Celotex tested and sold the insulation could amount to corporate manslaughter.
生产商CELOTEX 可能面临大麻烦
Product Description
RS5000 is lightweight, durable and available in a huge range of materials, ventilated façade systems allow buildings to achieve their aesthetic goals whilst utilising practical construction methods
Specifically designed for Rainscreen cladding applications, Celotex RS5000 meets the performance criteria in BR 135 and therefore is suitable for buildings above 18m
With low emissivity textured aluminium foil facings, Celotex RS5000 comprises rigid polyisocyanurate foam core (PIR) using a blowing agent that has low global warming potential (GWP) and zero ozone depletion potential (ODP).
Suitable for use in warm steel frame constructions or fixed directly to masonry for over cladding applications, Celotex has a rainscreen cladding solution that is successfully tested to BS 8414-2:2005, meets the requirements in BR 135.
Product Benefits
Celotex RS5000 is a premium performance rainscreen cladding PIR insulation board that:
Comprises a polyisocyanurate (PIR) rigid foam insulation core featuring Celotex IQ providing super low emissivity textured aluminium foil facings on both sides and Class O fire performance throughout the product in accordance with BS 476.
Has been tested to BS 8414-2:2005, meets the requirements in BR 135 and the first PIR insulation suitable for rainscreen cladding applications above 18 metres in height
Features Class O fire performance
Has a super low lambda value of 0.021 W/mK
Is designed to enhance the thermal performance of insulated façade systems
Can be used as sheathing to warm steel frame constructions or fixed directly to masonry for over-cladding applications
RS5000 also features an A+ rating when compared to the BRE Green Guide delivering over 20% better environmental impact than typical PIR, and is CFC/HCFC free with low GWP and zero ODP.
RS5000 is manufactured in accordance with quality management systems ISO 9001 and environmental management system ISO 14001.
All products must be installed in accordance with instructions issued by Celotex.
第二部分
当地新闻媒体看待问题的焦点和中国的不同
我们注意到英国当地媒体文章《致命大火凸显伦敦贫富差距分化》
一场大火为什么会引发贫富分化的讨论，到底谁是贫穷的，谁是富有的？
从本次事件着火公寓周边环境我们可以看到，整个区域，这是唯一的高层建筑。
难道国外的高层公寓才是穷人住的？
进而提出观点：
高层公寓是穷人住的，物业价值低，有钱还是要自建房
第三部分 从风险分析的角度提出，为什么高层住宅不好（建造师考点）
一、风险、风险量和风险等级的内涵
（1）风险指的是损失的不确定性，对建设工程项目管理而言，风险是指可能出现的影响项目目标实现的不确定因素。
（2）风险量反映不确定的损失程度和损失发生的概率。若某个可能发生的事件其可能的损失程度和发生的概率都很大，则其风险量就很大，如图1Z201101所示的风险区A。
若某事件经过风险评估，它处于风险区A，则应采取措施，降低其概率，即使它移位至风险区B;或采取措施降低其损失量，即使它移位至风险区C。风险区B和C的事件则应采取措施，使其移位至风险区D。
（3）风险等级。在《建设工程项目管理规范》GB/T50326—2006的条文说明中所列风险等级评估见表1Z201101。
按表1Z201101的风险等级划分，图1Z201101中的各风险区的风险等级如下：
（1）风险区A——5等风险；
（2）风险区B——3等风险；
（3）风险区C——3等风险；
（4）风险区D——1等风险。
第四部分 结论
结论一：只要人没事，其它都好说；
结论二：高层公寓要么没事，有事就是大事，所以材料必须绝对安全。
结论三：有钱还是要住低层
不是大火就是剥落，类似新闻不绝于耳；保温当然是好事，但高层住宅做外贴面保温，风险太大。
归根结底还是为了一点使用面积，为什么不做内保温呢？