句型1would rather that somebody did…“宁愿……;更愿意……”(表示现在或将来的愿望)would rather that somebody had done…“宁愿……;更愿意……”(表示过去的愿望)[例句]I'd rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。I'd rather that i hadn’t seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。句型2as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)【参考句型4】[例句]Alan talked about rome as if he had been there. Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。
句型3
“wish +宾语从句”，表示不大 可能实现的愿望表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时;表示过去的愿望：主语+had done;表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do[例句]How i wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves!我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己！句型4it's high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就该……[例句]It’s high time that we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们为环保做些事情了。句型5情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法could have done “本来可以……”(表示过去没有实现的可能)。might have done “本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事”(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。should/ought to have done “本来该做某事”(而实际未做)should not/ought not to have done “本来不该做”(实际却做过了，含有责备语气)needn’t have done “本来不必做”(但是已经做过了)would rather have done “当时宁愿做了某事”(实际没有做过);否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示“后悔”之意。
句型6
as， though， although引导的让步状语从句。[注意]although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。[例句]Although/though i'm young， i already know what career i want to follow→young as/though i am， i already know what career i want to follow.我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。Strange as it may seem， nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。句型7…before…特殊用法(1)“没来得及……就……”[例句]The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。He ran off before i could stop him. 我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。句型8it was + 时间段+before…。“过了多久才(怎么样)……”it was not long before…。“不久，就……”it will (not) be +时间段+before…。“要过多久(不久)……才……”(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)[例句]it was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。it was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回来。
句型9
in case of…(+n.) “以防;万一”;in case that…“以防，万一……”(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形)[例句]Please remind me about it in case i forget/should forget. 万一我忘了，请提醒我。句型10it强调句型强调句的基本构成：it is/was + 被强调的部分 + who(主要指人时)/that + 其余部分[例句1]i saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.→it was i who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调主语)→it was in the street that i saw him yesterday afternoon.(强调地点状语)→it was yesterday afternoon that i saw him in the street.(强调时间状语)→it was him that/who i saw in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调宾语)句型11(1)、祈使句(表条件)+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句(表结果)… “否则…，要不然…”(2)、祈使句(表条件)+ and +主句(表结果)[例句]Please call me up before you come， otherwise/or else/or we might be out你来之前打个电话，否则，我们也许会出去。Work hard and you will make progress every day. 好好学习，天天向上。句型12…until…。“直到……时候”;not…until…“直到……才……”[例句]You are to stay until/till your mother comes back. 你得等到你妈妈回来。Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(倒装句)等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。句型13unless…“除非，如果不……”(=if…not)[例句]I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。I won't go unless he comes to invite me himself.除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。
