一作解读|mc-FISH解析新合成硬粒小麦-偏凸山羊草异源多倍体早期世代的染色体行为模式
异源多倍化是推动植物进化的重要动力,是物种形成的重要机制。许多重要粮食作物和经济作物,如小麦、高粱、燕麦、甘薯和油菜等在其进化过程中都经历了异源多倍化事件。小麦族物种作为研究多倍化进化的经典样本,目前已有一些关于新合成的小麦族异源多倍体后代染色行为模式的研究报道。这些研究发现,新合成的小麦族异源多倍体中会出现大规模的染色核型变异(数量变异及结构变异)(Mestiri et al., 2010; Zhang et al,. 2013),并且染色体丢失存在偏好性。但是目前尚未见新合成麦类异源多倍体后代染色体行为模式与细胞质关系的报道。
图1. 硬粒小麦 Langdon (A,B), 偏凸山羊草Ae. ventricosa cv. RM271 (C,D),粗山羊草 Ae.tauschii SQ 665 (E,F), 中国春小麦(CS) (G,H), 以及 A, B, Dv, Dt, Db, Nv 染色体组(I)的FISH核型, 其中 FISH探针为Oligo-pSc119.2 (绿), and Oligo-pTa535 (红). (B, D, F, H) Oligo-(GAA)7 (黄). 核型(I)分析的A, B来自硬粒小麦,Dv、Nv 来自偏凸山羊草 RM271; Dt来自粗山羊草 SQ 665; Db 来自中国春小麦的D染色体组.
图2. 在正反交产生4组后代中非整倍体的分布(A)以及整倍体与非整倍体的频率比较(B).
图3. 杂交后代中4个染色体组的丢失和获得的频率比较
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