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您知道“世界水日”的由来吗？
全球性的水资源危机是人类面临的最大挑战之一。在不发达国家，水资源短缺、水资源污染和水处理基础设施落后等问题已危及几十亿人的生活。
苏丹达尔富尔难民营，饮用水只在每天早晨供应两个小时
图片来源于网络
为此，在1992年6月于巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国环境与发展大会提议设立一个节日来号召全世界人民关注饮用水以及水资源可持续发展的重要性。随后，联合国大会宣布将每年的3月22日设为世界水日（World Day for Water，或World Water Day），也称世界水资源日。
1992年6月于巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国环境与发展大会。
图片来源于网络
1992年的第四十七届联合国大会通过47/193号决议，确认根据联合国环境与发展大会通过的《二十一世纪议程》第十八章所提出的建议，确定每年的3月22日为“世界水日”，旨在推动对水资源进行综合性统筹规划和管理，加强水资源保护，解决日益严峻的缺乏淡水问题，开展广泛的宣传以提高公众对开发和保护水资源的认识。
联合国呼吁，每个国家都应该致力于向民众宣传普及水资源的可持续管理的重要性。在每年的“世界水日”，越来越多个国家开展了各种各样的活动，比如科普教育、文艺宣传，甚至为保护水资源的工作募集资金。
“世界水日”是一个国际性节日，也是全世界人民了解水相关知识的机会。联合国水机制和联合国人居署（UN-Water），作为联合国下属协调水资源和净水的机构，会根据当前水资源保护工作的现状和挑战，宣布当年“世界水日”的主题，如2018年“世界水日”的主题是“借自然之力，护绿水青山”（Nature for Water）。同时，每年的《联合国世界水发展报告》也在“世界水日”发布。
2010年的世界水日，肯尼亚海岸省的一所小学举办活动
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（建议WI-FI环境下观看）
历届“世界水日”主题
1994
Caring for our Water Resources is Everybody's Business
关心水资源，人人有责
1995
Women and Water
女性和水
1996
Water for Thirsty Cities
解决城市用水之急
1997
The World's Water: Is there enough?
世界上的水够用吗？
1998
Groundwater– The Invisible Resource. The UN identified gaps in groundwater management which have enormous implications for sustainable development.
地下水——无形的资源
1999
Everyone Lives Downstream
人类永远生活在缺水状态之中
2000
Water for the 21st century
21世纪的水
2001
Water for Health: Taking Charge
水与健康
2002
Water for Development. The poor and deteriorating state of water resources in many parts of the world demand integrated water resources planning and management.
水为发展服务
2003
Water for Future. Maintain and improve the quality and quantity of fresh water available to future generations.
未来之水
2004
Water and Disasters. Weather, climate and water resources can have a devastating impact on socio-economic development and on the well-being of humankind.
水与灾难
2005
Water for Life Decade 2005–2015. The United Nations General Assembly at its 58th session in December 2003 agreed to proclaim the years 2005 to 2015 the International Decade for Action, beginning with World Water Day, 22 March 2005. The phrase Water for Life Decade was also used.
生命之水
2006
Water and Culture. The theme drew the attention to the fact that there are as many ways of viewing, using, and celebrating water as there are cultural traditions across the world.
水与文化
2007
Coping With Water Scarcity. Highlighted water scarcity worldwide and the need for increased integration and cooperation to ensure sustainable, efficient and equitable management of scarce water resources, both at international and local levels.
应对水资源短缺
2008
Sanitation. 2008 was also the International Year of Sanitation.
涉水卫生
2009
Trans Waters. Special focus placed on trans-boundary waters.
跨界水——共享的水，共享的机遇
2010
Clean Water for a Healthy World. Dedicated to water quality, reflecting its importance alongside quantity of the resource in water management.清洁用水，健康世界
2011
Water for cities: responding to the urban challenge. The aim was to spotlight and encourage governments, organizations, communities, and individuals to actively engage in addressing the challenges of urban water management.
城市用水——应对城市化挑战
2012
Water and Food Security: The World is Thirsty Because We are Hungry. On the occasion of 2012 World Water Day, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) called attention to the water-related challenges faced by civilians caught up in fighting and intense civil unrest.
水与粮食安全
2013
International Year of Cooperation. In December 2010, the United Nations General Assembly declared 2013 as the United Nations International Year of Water Cooperation. In reflection of this declaration, the 2013 World Water Day was dedicated to water cooperation.国际水合作年
2014
World Water Day – Water and Energy – Coordinators: UNIDO, UNU | World Toilet Day – Equality and Dignity – Coordinators: UNU, UN Habitat
水与能源
2015
World Water Day – Water and Sustainable Development – Coordinator: UNDP | World Toilet Day – Toilets and Nutrition – Coordinator: UNICEF
水和可持续发展
2016
World Water Day – Water and Jobs | World Toilet Day – Toilets and Jobs – Coordinator: ILO
水与就业
2017
World Water Day – Wastewater | World Toilet Day – Wastewater – Coordinators: UNEP, UN Habitat, UNU, WHO
2018
World Water Day – Nature for Water | World Toilet Day – When nature calls – Coordinators: CBD, UN Environment, UNESCO | Water Action Decade
2019
World Water Day – Leaving No One Behind (Human Rights and Refugees)
2020
World Water Day – Climate Change
气候变化
致谢
【本科普内容受“上海市科协科普项目（项目编号：18dz2306700）”和上海市水务海洋局“水务科普年度活动”资助】