骨科英文书籍精读（43）｜骨折晚期并发症之关节不稳
JOINT INSTABILITY
Following injury a joint may give way. Causes include the following:
· Ligamentous laxity – especially at the knee, ankle and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.
· Muscle weakness – especially if splintage has been excessive or prolonged, and exercises have been nadequate (again the knee and ankle are most often affected).
· Bone loss – especially after a gunshot fracture or severe compound injury, or from crushing of metaphyseal bone in joint depression fractures.
Injury may also lead to recurrent dislocation. The commonest sites are: (1) the shoulder – if the glenoid labrum has been detached (a Bankart lesion) and (2) the patella – if, after traumatic dislocation, the restraining patellofemoral ligament heals poorly.
A more subtle form of instability is seen after fractures around the wrist. Patients complaining of persistent discomfort or weakness after wrist injury should be fully investigated for chronic carpal instability (see Chapters 15 and 25).
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》P722
重点词汇整理：
Ligamentous laxity韧带松弛/ˈlæksəti/n. 松驰；放纵
nadequate 不充分
compound injury复合性损伤
glenoid labrum 盂唇
/'glinɔɪd/n. 关节盂
/'lebrəm/n. [无脊椎] 上唇
Bankart lesion Bankart 损伤
restrain/rɪˈstreɪn/vt. 抑制，控制；约束；制止
patellofemoral ligament 髌股韧带
百度翻译：
关节不稳定性
受伤后关节可能会退让。原因包括：
·韧带松弛-尤其是在拇指的膝盖、脚踝和掌指关节。
·肌肉无力——尤其是夹板过度或延长，并且运动量不足时（同样，膝盖和脚踝最常受到影响）。
·骨丢失-尤其是在枪伤或严重复合伤后，或关节凹陷骨折中干骺端骨压碎。
损伤也可能导致反复脱位。最常见的部位是：（1）肩部——如果盂唇已经分离（Bankart损伤）和（2）髌骨——如果在创伤性脱位后，髌股韧带的抑制愈合不良。
手腕周围骨折后会出现一种更微妙的不稳定性。对于腕关节损伤后持续不适或无力的患者，应充分调查其是否存在慢性腕关节不稳（见第15章和第25章）。