多摄入富含抗性淀粉的食物可能有助于人体健康

　　抗性淀粉又称抗酶解淀粉、难消化淀粉，在小肠中不能被酶解消化吸收，但在胃肠中可以与短链脂肪酸起发酵反应，被认为是膳食纤维的一种。抗性淀粉天然存在于多种食物，如香蕉、土豆、谷物以及豆类，而有些抗性淀粉能够通过商业生产或加工，并且加入日常食品。目前越来越多科学家开始产生对抗性淀粉的兴趣，在过去10年在人体中进行大量研究，观察抗性淀粉对人体的多种不同健康效益，如餐后血糖、饱食感、肠道健康等。

　　该综述总结了抗性淀粉对人体的健康效益，并且深入分析了抗性淀粉发挥作用的分子机制。例如，目前很多研究证据一致认为，摄入抗性淀粉能够帮助改善人体的血糖控制，而且也有研究表明，抗性淀粉能够促进人体肠道健康，并且能够通过增加短链脂肪酸产生增加人体饱腹感。

　　众所周知，每天摄入足量纤维（至少30g）对于实现健康，均衡饮食非常重要，能够帮助降低一系列慢性疾病的风险；而抗性淀粉作为一类膳食纤维，能够增加人体肠道中短链脂肪酸的产生，目前有大量研究报道抗性淀粉对人体健康的潜在有益效应，而且还有很多研究支持抗性淀粉的这些积极效应。虽然研究结果支持对某些指标的积极影响，但是未来还需要更深入研究确定摄入抗性淀粉是否能够给人体健康带来显著获益，对抗性淀粉的研究或许也会成为营养领域令人兴奋的重要研究分支。

Nutr Bull. 2017 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]

Health effects of resistant starch.

Lockyer S, Nugent AP.

British Nutrition Foundation, London, UK; University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

The merits of a fibre-rich diet are well documented. Resistant starch (RS) is a form of starch that resists digestion in the small intestine and, as such, is classified as a type of dietary fibre. RS can be categorised as one of five types (RS1-5), some of which occur naturally in foods such as bananas, potatoes, grains and legumes and some of which are produced or modified commercially, and incorporated into food products. This review describes human evidence on the health effects of RS consumption, with the aim of identifying any benefits of RS-rich foods and RS as a functional ingredient. The reduced glycaemic response consistently reported with RS consumption, when compared with digestible carbohydrate, has resulted in an approved European Union health claim. Thus, RS-rich foods may be particularly useful for managing diabetes. There appears to be little impact of RS on other metabolic markers, such as blood pressure and plasma lipids, though data are comparatively limited. Promising results on markers of gut health suggest that further research may lead to the classification of RS as a prebiotic. Microbial fermentation of RS in the large intestine to produce short-chain fatty acids likely underpins some of its biological effects, including increasing satiety. However, effects on appetite have not resulted in notable changes in bodyweight after long-term consumption. Emerging research suggests potential for RS as an ingredient in oral rehydration solutions and in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Overall, RS possesses positive properties as a healthy food component.

DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12244