每课一句：新概念英语第1册第79课
【往期回顾】
接下来，我们就来看看第79课的“每课一句”。
一、课文原文
Lesson 79 Carol’s shopping list
What are you doing, Carol?
I’m making a shopping list, Tom.
What do we need?
We need a lot of things this week.
I must go to the grocer’s. We haven’t got much tea or coffee, and we haven’t got any sugar or jam.
What about vegetables?
I must go to the greengrocer’s. We haven’t got many tomatoes, but we’ve got a lot of potatoes.
I must go to the butcher’s, too. We need some meat. We haven’t got any meat at all.
Have we got any beer and wine?
No, we haven’t. And I’m not going to get any!
I hope that you’ve got some money.
I haven’t got much.
Well, I haven’t got much either!
——选自《新概念英语》第一册，外语教学与研究出版社，1997年10月第1版
二、每课一句
We haven't got many tomatoes, but we've got a lot of potatoes.
本课侧重学习的是have got的用法。
have got表示“有”，have可以缩略为“'ve”。其基本用法为：
sb. have/has got sth.
如：
I have got some pens.
He has got some books.
其否定表达为：
sb. have/has not got sth.
如：
I have not got any pens.
He has not got any books.
其一般疑问句的表达为：
- Have/Has sb. got sth.?
- Yes, sb. have/has.
- No, sb. haven't/hasn't.
如：
- Have you got any pens?
- Yes, I have.
- No, I haven't.
再比如：
- Has he got any books?
- Yes, he has.
- No, he hasn't.
其特殊疑问句的表达为：
特殊疑问词+have/has sb. got sth.?
如：
What have you got?
How many books has he got?
【注意】
have got与have的区别
两者都表示“有”，但是：
1、have got更加口语化。have got中的have是助动词，所以其否定句或疑问句的变化都是通过have来实现的。
2、have是实义动词，所以其否定句或疑问句一般要借助助动词do/does来实现。
比如：
I have some bananas.
I have got some bananas.
其否定句分别为：
I do not have any bananas.
I have not got any bananas.
其一般疑问句为：
Do you have any bananas?
Have you got any bananas?
需要注意的是：
在英式英语中，当have表示“有”时，其否定句和疑问句可以直接通过have来实现。如：
I have not any bananas.
Have you any bananas?
三、更多拓展
We need a lot of things this week.
注意句中的need用作实义动词，表示“需要”，它会受主语的单复数影响存在数的变化，也有时态的变化。它的否定句和疑问句都按照一般的实义动词来变化。
其基本用法为：
sb. need sth.
如：
I need some water.
He needs your help.
She needed a knife at the party last night.
其否定句为：
I do not need any water.
He does not need your help.
She did not need a knife at the party last night.
其一般疑问句为：
Do you need any water?
Does he need my help?
Did she need a knife at the party last night?
