bear:熊,居然是个拟声词!!!
B形表豆子的外形。
例句:
Juk is often made with rice, to which abalone, ginseng, pine nuts, vegetables,chicken, or bean sprouts can be added.
粥的主要食材是大米,也可加入鲍鱼、人参、松子、蔬菜、鸡或豆芽等。
上一讲中认为,B形表胡须,借指剃须的理发师。本文并不否认这一推测。但有证据表明,barber源于姓氏barbour(诺尔曼时代在英国所用的法语),可能是因为这一姓氏的人主要从事理发工作。类似的如Harry porter哈利波特的姓氏porter就源自搬运工,卡朋特兄妹乐队祖上一定是木匠carpenter。
例句:
Only puss is allowed to come with me, for she knows where the barber in thestory lives.
我只让小猫儿跟我在一起,因为它知道那故事里的理发匠住的地方。
复合词,由barber+shop组成。
例句:
Recently, a man walked into my barbershop asking how much for a haircut.
前些日子,有一男的来到我的理发店,问剪一个头要多少钱。
源自原始印欧语词根*bhergh- (隐藏=hide、保护=protect),B表房屋,引申指“隐藏、保护”,这里指在讨价还价中隐藏自己的真实意愿或价格底线。
例句:
The Scots too seem to have received the bad part of the bargain when theydissolved their Parliament and joined England.
无独有偶,苏格兰人也是讨价还价中吃亏的那一方,他们解散了议会,加入了英国。
bear熊,与burn(燃烧)同源,拟声词,模仿火眼迸发的声音,后引申指耀眼的。而耀眼的光芒在我们眼里表现为两种颜色,一种是black(黑色),另一种是blank(白色、空白的、没有颜色)。这两种颜色都可以表达因为刺眼而什么也看不到的意思。熊的毛色多为暗色(如brown深褐色),与black的颜色相像,bear(熊)由此得名。(这是一种联想,认知语言学认为这种意义关联叫转喻)。
bear承担。源自原始印欧语词根*bher-(承担=carry),其同源同根词多表现为fer,换而言之,b与F通转,F表木栓、木钉,引申指“拴住、携带、运输”。很可能在拉丁语中,b与f有互换,但笔者尚未找到有力证据,原因也无从追溯。只能把这种现象列在这里。
含有原始印欧语词根*bher-(承担=carry)的词:Aberdeen; amphora; anaphora; aquifer; auriferous; bairn; barrow (n.1); bear (v.);bearings; Berenice; bier; birth; bring; burden (n.1): Carboniferous; Christopher; chromatophore; circumference; confer;conference; conifer; cumber; cumbersome; defer (v.2); differ; difference; differentiate; efferent; esophagus; euphoria; ferret;fertile; Foraminifera; forbear (v.); fossiliferous; furtive; indifferent; infer; Inverness; Lucifer; metaphor; odoriferous; offer;opprobrium; overbear; paraphernalia; periphery; pestiferous; pheromone; phoresy; phosphorus; Porifera; prefer; proffer;proliferation; pyrophoric; refer; reference; semaphore; somniferous; splendiferous; suffer; transfer; vociferate; vociferous.
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单词成就英语,英语照见未来