鱼油还是猪油？哪种油才能让你远离吃胖？

in Cellular Neuroscience

　　近年来，健康饮食对人们的影响这一问题引起了高度重视。虽然已经对高脂饮食对代谢的影响进行了广泛研究，但是高脂饮食对大脑的影响却知之甚少。

　　2016年6月9日，瑞士《细胞神经科学前沿》在线发表意大利那不勒斯第二大学、帕多瓦大学、那不勒斯腓特烈二世大学的研究报告，发现富含饱和脂肪的饮食会让你的大脑在控制你吃什么时挣扎不已。

　　如果你正要减肥，请对饱和脂肪保持清醒。食用这些类型的脂类食物会影响下丘脑，这是大脑中帮助调节饥饿的一个部分。

　　脂肪会引起炎症，而炎症会阻碍大脑对食物摄取的控制。换句话说，在肥胖者身上常可看到需要很努力才能控制吃多少、何时停止和吃什么类型的食物。

　　该研究通过对大鼠的试验发现，富含饱和脂肪的饮食会减少一个人的认知能力，使其更难以控制饮食习惯。

　　富含脂肪的饮食可以拥有不同的形式，事实上，也有不同类型的脂肪。饱和脂肪在猪油、牛油或油炸食品中含量较高，而不饱和脂肪在含在鱼类、鳄梨或橄榄油等食物中含量较高。

　　该研究表明，食用鱼油而非猪油会造成显著差异：保持大脑功能正常，并控制食用者，防止食用超过必要的东西。

Front Cell Neurosci. 2016 Jun 9;10:150.

Effects of an High-Fat Diet Enriched in Lard or in Fish Oil on the Hypothalamic Amp-Activated Protein Kinase and Inflammatory Mediators.

Viggiano E, Mollica MP, Lionetti L, Cavaliere G, Trinchese G, De Filippo C, Chieffi S, Gaita M, Barletta A, De Luca B, Crispino M, Monda M.

Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; University of Padova, Padua, Italy; University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

The high fat diet (HFD) rich in lard induces obesity, inflammation and oxidative stress, and the deregulation of hypothalamic nuclei plays an important role in this mechanism. One important factor involved in the food intake and inflammation is adenosine monophosphate-dependent kinase (AMPK), a serine/threonine kinase activated by phosphorylation. Omega (ω)3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are dietary compounds known to attenuate the obesity-related diseases, although the molecular mechanisms underlying their actions in the hypothalamus are not completely understood. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of PUFA may be mediated by AMPK in the hypothalamus. To this aim, rats were fed a control diet (CD), or isocaloric HFD containing either fish oil (FD; rich in ω3-PUFA) or lard for 6 weeks, and the activation of AMPK, inflammatory state (IKKβ, TNF-α) and oxidative stress were analyzed in the hypothalamus. In addition, we also studied serum lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index, and pro-inflammatory parameters. Our results showed, at the hypothalamic level of LD-fed rats, an increase of AMPK activation, inflammation and oxidative stress, while no modifications were detected in FD-fed animals compared to CD. In addition body weight gain, serum lipid profile, pro-inflammatory parameters and insulin resistance were reduced in FD animals compared to LD. In conclusion, our data indicate that the substitution of saturated by unsaturated fatty acids in the diet has beneficial effects on modulation of hypothalamic inflammation and function in obesity, underlying, at hypothalamic level, the interaction among insulin and/or leptin resistance, AMPK activation and hyperphagia.

KEYWORDS: AMPK; high fat diet; inflammation; oxidative stress; ω3-PUFA

PMID: 27375435

PMCID: PMC4899473

DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00150