把握使用频率,准确使用频度副词

一、定义
用来表示动作发生频率的词叫频度副词,常见的频度副词有 usually / sometimes / always 等,这些词在程度上有区别。
二、频率范围
频度副词的频率范围可以用以下这个表来概括:
频率 确定频度副词 模糊频度副词
100% every second always
hourly usually
daily normally
weekly often
monthly sometimes
quarterly occasionally/infrequently/seldom
yearly rarely/hardly ever
0% never never

三、用法

1、修饰动词
A、位置
● 一般放在实义动词之前,系动词、第一助动词或情态动词之后,例如:
实义动词前面:
We usually go to the movies on Sundays.
我们通常在星期天去看电影。
Bethany always runs late for work in the morning.
贝萨尼早上上班总是迟到。
I never get what I want!
我永远得不到我想要的!
We seldom see her anymore.
我们很少再见到她了。
系动词、第一助动词或情态动词之后:
That is often the case.
情况往往如此。
This class is always a bore!
这门课总是很无聊!
She was never very friendly.
她从来都不是很友好。
I have rarely seen the sun rise.
我很少看到太阳升起。

She will occasionally go for walks alone.

她偶尔会独自去散步。

You can seldom see very far because of the fog.

因为有雾,你看不到很远的地方。

如果有两个助动词,频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。如:
I will never be an actor!
我永远不会成为演员!
We have never been invited to one of their parties.
他们聚会,一次也没邀请过我们。
She must sometimes have wanted to run away.
她有时候一定想到过要逃走。

为了表示强调,频度副词有时也可位于动词 be 态动词之前,例如:

I never was fond of his writing.

我从不喜欢他的写作。

解析:虽然频度副词 never 放在 be 动词之前,但实际上它修饰的还是形容词 fond.
She always was late.
她老是迟到。
You occasionally are a nit-picker.
你偶尔会挑三拣四。
解析:此句中频度副词 occasionally 修饰的是 be 动词。
在简略答语中,当频度副词与动词 be、助动词或情态动词位于句末时,频度副词必须前置,例如:

-----------------------------
—Philip is late again.
菲利普又迟到了。
—Yes, he always is.
是的,他总是迟到。
-----------------------------
— Can you park your car near the shops?
你可以在商店附近停车吗?
—Yes. I usually can.
是的,通常可以。
● 有些频度副词如:usually, sometimes, normally, occasionally, often 和 frequently 还可以放在句首或句尾,而且出现在句首时,通常但并不总是以逗号隔开,例如:
句尾:
He travels to Europe frequently.
他经常去欧洲旅行。

We’ve been there quite often.

我们经常去那里。

He comes up to visit sometimes.
他有时来拜访。
句首:
Usually, the work is boring.
通常这项工作枯燥乏味。
Occasionally I have to go and ask the boss for a rise.
有时我不得不找老板要求加薪。
● 除非是为了强调,否则有些频度副词如:always, seldom, rarely, hardly ever 和 never 不出现在句首, 但它们也可以出现在一个句子或是从句的后面,例如:
We go out very seldom.
我们绝少外出。
 
I’ll love you always.
我将永远爱你。
当频度副词放在句首表示强调时,句子的结构就发生变化了,变成部分倒装,例如:
Never have I felt so insulted!
我从未感到如此的侮辱!

Rarely does she leave the house unattended.

她很少会让房子无人看管。

Seldom has there been such a happy meeting.
过去很少有过这样愉快的会议。
B、时态

● 频度副词经常用于一般现在时,用来谈论习惯、一般情况和时间表,但它们也可以用于其他时态,例如:

一般过去时:

She often traveled when she lived in Spain.

她住在西班牙时经常旅行。

现在完成时:

I have never witnessed such a wonder child as he.

我从来没有见过像他那样的神童。

2、修饰形容词,此时放在系动词之后,例如:
I am always late for work.
我上班总是迟到。
The dog is rarely quiet.
这条狗很少安静。
The trains are occasionally late, but they are generally on time.
火车偶尔晚点,但基本上是准时的。
She is often alone, but I don’t think she minds.
她经常一个人,但我想她不介意。
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