中小学英语常考词汇:knock短语
《新概念英语》第二册第6课中开始讲到短语动词的用法,也就是我们平常所说的动词短语的用法。整个第二册中有关动词短语的用法,大多是指同一个动词跟不同的介词或副词搭配使用后,意义发生变化。这类动词短语是各类英语考试中有关词汇测试常考的内容,平常需要注意积累区分。
接下来我们就来梳理第6课里出现的有关动词knock的常用短语的用法。
1、knock at
该短语表示“敲(门、窗等)”。有时,knock也会用作名词,表示“敲击”,后面也是紧跟介词at。如:
He wondered whether it would be proper to knock at her door. (他不知道敲她的门是否恰当。)
I was preparing for bed when I heard a knock at the door. (我正准备睡觉时听到有人敲门。)
2、knock...off
该短语表示“把...撞倒”,off后面一般接地点。但knock后面也可以接比例或数字,表示“减少”,此时的比例或数字也可以放到off后面。如:
I knocked the vase off the table and broke it. (我把花瓶从桌子上碰掉下来,摔碎了。)
The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill. (店员给了10%的优惠)
It cost me 10 but I'll knock off 20% as it's no longer new. (那是我花10英镑买的,因为已经旧了,我会减价20%。)
3、knock off
与knock...off不同的是,knock off中间一般不插入其他成分,表示“做完某事;下班”。如:
We knock off at 12:30 for lunch. (我们十二点半时停下工作去吃饭。)
I can knock off a poem in five minutes. (我能在五分钟内写一首诗。)
4、knock over
该短语表示“撞倒;消除”,需要注意的是:宾语是名词的话,可以放在knock和over中间,也可以放到over后面;宾语是代词的话,则只能放在中间。如:
Don't knock over the bowl of water. (别把那碗水打翻了。)
=Don't knock it over.
The students knocked over every difficulty. (学生们克服了每一个困难。)
=The students knocked it over.
5、knock out
该短语表示“击倒;打昏”。需要注意的是:宾语是名词的话,可以放在knock和over中间,也可以放到over后面;宾语是代词的话,则只能放在中间。如:
The enemy charged up the mountain, attempting to knock out our forces. (敌人向山上冲锋,企图把我们的兵力摧毁掉。)
In the fight, the thief knocked the policeman out. (在搏斗中,小偷把警察打昏了。)
除了以上教材中出现的短语以外,下面这些有关knock的短语也较为常用:
6、knock down
该短语表示“击倒;撞倒;拆除”。如:
The policemen had to knock down the door to get in. (警察为了进去得撞倒门。)
Knock down the machine before shipping. (在装运前把机器拆卸开来。)
7、knock up
该短语表示“匆忙做完;使...精疲力尽”。如:
Can you knock up a meal for us now? (你能为我们赶快做顿饭吗?)
I was completely knocked up from overwork. (由于工作过度,我完全累垮了。)
8、knock it off
该短语经常用作提示语,表示“别再讲下去”。如:
Knock it off, will you? I can't make a phone call with all this noise going on. (不要讲话了,好吗?这样闹我简直无法打电话了。)
Will you kids knock it off? I can't study. (够了,小鬼们,停下来。我无法专心念书。)