骨科英文书籍精读（290）｜股骨远端骨折的临床特征
我们正在精读国外经典骨科书籍《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》，想要对于骨科英文形成系统认识，为以后无障碍阅读英文文献打下基础，请持续关注。
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Clinical features
The knee is swollen because of a haemarthrosis – this can be severe enough to cause blistering later. Movement is too painful to be attempted. The tibial pulses should always be checked to ensure the popliteal artery was not injured in the fracture.
X-RAY
The entire femur should be x-rayed so as not to miss a proximal fracture or dislocated hip. The supracondylar fracture pattern will vary. Of importance are: (a) whether there is a fracture into the joint and if it is comminuted; (b) the size of the distal segment; and (c) whether the bone is osteoporotic. These factors influence the type of internal fixation required, if that is the chosen mode of treatment.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
haemarthrosis关节血肿
blister /ˈblɪstər/n. 水泡；水疱；气泡；砂眼；起泡剂vt. 使起水泡；痛打；猛烈抨击vi. 起水泡
popliteal artery腘动脉
/pɔp'litiəl, ,pɔpli'ti-/adj. 腘的，腿弯部的
The entire femur should be x-rayed so as not to miss a proximal fracture or dislocated hip.
整个股骨应进行x光检查，以免漏诊近端骨折或髋关节脱位。
百度翻译：
临床特征
膝盖肿胀是由于血栓性关节炎-这可能是严重到足以导致水泡以后。运动太痛苦，无法尝试。应经常检查胫骨脉搏，以确保腘动脉在骨折中没有受伤。
X射线
整个股骨应进行x光检查，以免错过近端骨折或髋关节脱位。髁上骨折的类型会有所不同。重要的是：（a）关节是否骨折，是否粉碎；（b）远端骨段的大小；（c）骨是否骨质疏松。这些因素影响所需的内固定类型，如果这是所选择的治疗方式。