八年级英语常考语法点总结
1.leave的用法
你什么时候离开上海的?
下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
你为什么要离开上海去北京?
2.情态动词should“应该”学会使用
(2)Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?
(1)We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。
(1)We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
(2)She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3.What...? 与 Which...?
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
What color do you like best? (所有颜色)
你最喜爱什么颜色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围)
你最喜爱哪一种颜色?
Which pictures are from China?
哪些图片来自中国?
4.频度副词的位置
always(总是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,经常)
sometimes(有时候)
never(从不)
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.
大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天经常在7:10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.
有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。
Never have I been there.
5.every day 与 everyday
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天7:10去上学。
I decide to read English every day.
我决定每天读英语。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活动是什么?
6.什么是助动词
7.forget doing/to do与remember
forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8.It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
9.对两个句子的提问
10.so、such与不定冠词的使用
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11.使用-ing分词的几种情况
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
There is a boy swimming in the river.
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
go on doing sth 继续做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事
try doing sth 试图做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
practice doing sth 练习做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
miss doing sth 错过做某事
12.英语中的“单数”
13.名词的复数构成的几种形式
1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks tree---trees
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
1.将-oo改为--ee。如:
foot---feet tooth---teeth
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
child---children
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
14.双写最后一个字母的-ing分词
1.let→letting 让
hit→hitting 打、撞
cut→cutting 切、割
get→getting 取、得到
sit→sitting 坐
forget→forgetting 忘记
put→putting 放
set→setting 设置
babysit→babysitting 临时受雇照顾婴儿
trip→tripping 绊
stop→stopping 停止
drop→dropping 放弃
swim→swimming 游泳
run→running 跑步
dig→digging 挖、掘
begin→beginning 开始
prefer→preferring 宁愿
plan→planning 计划
15.肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词
There are some birds in the tree.
→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如:
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
I have a knife and a ruler.
→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)
→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词)
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
I have been there already.
→I haven't been there yet.
16.in与after
1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间。如:
He will leave for Beijing in a week.
一周后他会动身去北京。
He left for Beijing after a week.
一周后他动身去了北京。
不过,如果after后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。如:
We will finish the work after ten o'clock.
十点后我们会完成工作的。
I'll visit him in a week.
一周后我会去拜访他。
I'll visit him twice in a week.
一周内我会去拜访他两次。
17.不定冠词a与an的使用
There is a 'b' in the word 'book'.
单词book中有个字母b。
类似的字母还有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife.
她有一把小刀。
There is an 'i' in the word 'onion'.
单词onion中有个字母i。
类似的字母还有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella?
你有一把雨伞吗?
a useful book
a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
18.如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”?
1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如:
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。
Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。如:
The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。
John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
19.a little, a few 与 a bit (of)
1. a little 意为“一些、少量”,后接不可数名词。如:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。
还可以接形容词。如:
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。
There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。
It's a bit cold. 有点冷。
a bit of 后接不可数名词。如:
He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。
Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词,意为“有点儿”。
20.关于like的用法
1、like 作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”,有泛指的含义。如:
Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗?
like 后可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接动词的-ing分词(like doing sth),有时意思不尽相同。如:
She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。(习惯)
She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。(平常不喜欢吃)
like 与 would 连用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客气的请求。如:
Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗?
“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如:
They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。
She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好,就像母亲一样。
It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。
A. What does he look like?
B. What is he like?
A句译为“他长相如何?”指一个人的外貌特征;而B句译为“他人怎么样?”指人的性格特点。
C. The boy like Peter is over there.
D. A boy like Peter can't do it.
A句指外貌相似,而D句指性格相似。
21.stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth
1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如:
The students stop to listen to their teacher.
学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。
2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如:
The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。
与它们相反的句式是:go on to do sth “继续做某事(与刚才一事不同)”和 go on doing sth “继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)”。如:
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.
他完成了作业,接着继续去念英语。
They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。
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