骨科精读 | 肩锁关节的分型及诊治技巧,一文读懂!
肩锁关节的解剖概要
肩锁关节脱位的分型
肩锁关节脱位手术指征
肩锁关节脱位的治疗策略
①肩锁关节达到精确复位,恢复锁骨外侧端关节表面的垂直与水平稳定
②修复或者使用自体(局部的或远处的)/异体韧带替代撕脱的韧带,尽可能达到原有的生物力学形态;
③在损伤的韧带牢固愈合之前,复位及重建的韧带必须有足够的稳定性,以免再移位;
④一旦修复或重建的韧带牢固愈合,坚强的内植物或暂时性的稳定装置应该即刻移去,不然会断裂,松动或产生肩关节僵硬。
治疗方法
1、创伤后关节炎
2、锁骨远端骨溶解
3、神经血管损伤
4、喙锁间隙骨化
5、术后复位丧失和再脱位
①清除脱位处疤痕组织及血凝块,达到解剖复位;
②修复重建相应的韧带和关节囊,以维持肩关节的肌力平衡;
③可靠的固定以最终达到韧带的牢固愈合;
④可进行早期无痛的功能锻炼,防止肩关节周围组织病的发生。
Double-endobutton技术
Triple-endobutton技术
钢板材料:钛合金
线环材料:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯
研究表明:环袢强度和刚度超过人体韧带40%
1.术后0-4周,手术后24h内依据患者的疼痛耐受程度进行手、腕、肘关节主动活动。肩关节小范围的旋转被动活动。
2.术后5-6周,去除颈腕吊带,行无痛性肩关节活动度练习。
3.术后6周以后,行患肩无痛性全范围活动,同时逐渐行力量训练。
总结
参考文献:
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