都有“首先”的意思,first,firstly 和 at first 有很大的区别

First,firstly 和 at first 都有“首先“的意思,但它们还是有很大的区别的。
一、first 既可以形容词,指的是按顺序、时间、数量、质量或重要性排在其他之前的人或事,也可以作副词,而 firstly 只能作副词,例如:
What’s the name of the first person who walked on the moon?
第一个在月球上行走的人叫什么名字?
Beth always arrives first at meetings.
贝丝开会总是第一个到。
Firstly, they spent more time in search food .
首先,他们花了更多的时间寻找食物。
Firstly, most companies offer too many products in pink.
首先,大多数公司提供太多粉红色的产品。
当用于例举条目或论点的场合时,first 和 firstly,first of all 以及 in the first place 基本上可以通用,都是”首先“的意思,但是我们有足够的理由应该优先使用 first,首先它比较简洁干脆,而且其他的序数词也类似,因为某些序数词很长,再加上 -ly 就显得很冗长,比如:seventhly 和 eighthly,但话说回来,用 firstly 也没错,最重要的是要保持上下文的一致(一致加 -ly 或一致不加 -ly),例如:
First, I prefer the train because I can see the landscape. Second, I have control over my luggage, and third, it is better for the environment.
首先,我喜欢坐火车,因为我能看到风景。第二,我可以控制我的行李,第三,这对环境更好。
Firstly the sodium chloride is dissolved in the water and heated gently. Secondly a dye is added to the solution.
首先将氯化钠溶解在水中并轻轻加热。第二步向溶液中添加染料。
注意:firstly 在英国英语中比在北美英语中更通用。
二、at first 的意思是“最初,起初”,用以讲述最初阶段的情况,尤指与后来的不同情况相比较,相当于 at the beginning 或 in the beginning,例如:
At first when I went to England to study English, I was homesick, but in the end I cried when it was time to leave.
一开始我去英国学英语的时候,我想家,但到了该走的时候我哭了。
He called for help. No one heard him at first, but eventually two young girls came to help him.
他打电话求救。一开始没人听见他说话,但后来两个小女孩来帮助他。
Maggie had seen him nearly every day at first. Now she saw him much less.
起初玛吉几乎每天都见到他,现在见到他的次数少得多了。
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