宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法大全
一、往期回顾
二、wish后的虚拟语气
当wish(希望)后接宾语从句时,经常省略that,而且从句中的谓语动词要采用虚拟语气。但是,根据从句谓语动词所针对的时间不同,其形式变化也不同。具体用法如下:
需要注意的是,wish本身的所采用的时态并不影响从句中谓语动词的形式变化。
我们来看一下例句:
(一)与现在事实相反
I wish this book was/were written in bigger character. (我希望这本书的字再大一点儿。)
I wish I knew all about this matter. (这件事我要是全知道就好了。)
(二)与过去事实相反
I wish you hadn't told me all this. (我倒希望你当初别把这一切都告诉我。)
I wish (that) I had never met her. (我要是没遇见过她就好了。)
(三)与将来事实相反
I wish I could give up drinking. (我真希望自己能戒酒。)
I wish you wouldn't smoke any more. (我希望你别再抽烟了。)
【注意】
had hoped后接宾语从句,从句中的谓语动词也常使用虚拟语气,其形式为“would+do”,主要用来表示原来希望做到、而实际上未能实现的事情。如:
I had hoped I would be promoted. (我原本希望会升迁的。)
He had hoped Croft would be commissioned. ( 他本来希望上头会提拔克洛夫特。)
三、表建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词后的虚拟语气
常见的此类动词有:
表要求:ask、desire、request、demand、require、beg
表提议、劝告、建议:propose、suggest、recommend、advise、vote
表决定、命令:decide、order
表主张、坚持:maintain、urge、insist
这类动词如果后接宾语从句,其从句中的谓语动词要采用“should+do”的形式,而且should经常会省略。如:
I suggest that he put an advertisement in the local paper. (我建议他在当地的报纸上登条广告。)
He ordered that we march on that night. (他命令我们这天夜里继续前进。)
They require that I should go at once. (他们要求我立刻去。)
They insist that I stay there for supper. (他们坚决要求让我留下吃晚饭。)
四、在expect/believe/think/suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的虚拟语气
在这些动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中,我们经常用“should+do/have done”的形式,表示惊奇、怀疑或不满等。如:
She never thought that he should have blown up so violently. (她从来没有想到他会生这样大的气。).
We never expect a man like he should lead such a poor life. (没想到他竟过着如此穷匮的生活。)
五、would rather /would sooner/had rather/would (just) as soon/would prefer之后的虚拟语气
这类结构主要用来表示“宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔",它们之后的宾语从句中的谓语动词一般要采用虚拟语气。具体用法是:谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。如:
I would rather that I had not finished the task. (我宁愿没完成这项任务。)
I would rather that you drank milk. (我宁愿你喝牛奶。)
I would sooner that you went by air. (我宁愿你坐飞机去。)
He would sooner that he hadn't been born until ten years ago. (他宁愿他十年以前才出身。)