看完《利刃出鞘》,读读阿加莎婆婆的侦探小说

前几天看了《利刃出鞘》(Knives Out),很喜欢,边看还写了份口语笔记:无剧透,聊聊《利刃出鞘》中的英文
《利刃出鞘》这种类型的电影一般叫 Whodunnit。看的时候心里想,007 演的侦探太像阿加莎婆婆笔下的 Hercule Poirot——看起来没什么过人之处,实际上心思缜密,又绅士又专业。
之前看过阿加莎(Agatha Christie)的 Murder on the Orient Express(《东方列车谋杀案》),这两天我又趁热打铁,一口气读完了她的另一本经典之作 And Then There Were None(《无人生还》)。无剧透,这篇文章聊聊这两本书中的语言。
1. Murder on the Orient Express(《东方列车谋杀案》)
Murder on the Orient Express 中,阿加莎塑造了来自不同国家、阶级、年龄的人物。有高冷的英国家庭教师,话痨的意大利商人,大惊小怪的美国老太太,霸气十足的俄罗斯公主......
描写这些人物的时候阿加莎也花了些功夫。比如写一个又老又丑的女人,她没有直接写她的年龄和五官,而是写道:
At the small table, sitting very upright, was one of the ugliest old ladies he had ever seen. It was an ugliness of distinction - it fascinated rather than repelled. She sat very upright. Round her neck was a collar of very large pearls which, improbable though it seemed, were real. Her hands were covered with rings. Her sable coat was pushed back on her shoulders. A very small and expensive black toque was hideously unbecoming to the yellow, toad-like face beneath it.
这一段用了两次 upright ,写出了这个人物身份的高贵。“fascinated rather than repelled”调侃式地写出了丑得独特;通过特写“round her neck was a collar...” “a very small and expensive black toque...” 同样调侃了她的穿着和品味,一位老富婆的形象跃然纸上。
她也会通过对话来表现人物形象,借侦探之口调侃了下英国的绅士形象:
I like to see an angry Englishman," said Poirot. "They are very amusing. The more emotional they feel the less command they have of language.
阿加莎小说中的“一哥”是比利时侦探 Hercule Poirot,他个子不高,是名副其实的浓缩精华,沉稳克制,还会多国语言。他和每一个人物对话,观察他们的表情和表达方式,然后用纸笔和大脑一点点分析、演绎,查个水落石出。他说他关注的是“pyschology”而不是什么指纹,因为他深谙人性,和每个人对话的方式看起来漫不经心,但其实都是精心设计过的。
But I know human nature, my friend, and I tell you that, suddenly confronted with the possibility of being tried for murder, the most innocent person will lose their head and do the most absurd things.
If you confront anyone who has lied with the truth, they usually admit it—often out of sheer surprise. It is only necessary to guess right to produce your effect.
这个故事里每个人都有故事,每个人也都有嫌疑。通过对人物的塑造和拼凑故事,我们看到了邪恶和善良,也开始思考正义和道德。如《利刃出鞘》中的一句话:真相固然重要,不过比它更重要的是知道真相后该做些什么。
2. And Then There Were None《无人生还》
有读者留言说《利刃出鞘》和《无人生还》有点像,我就找来立了个 flag,一口气读完了这本我一直想读但没读的书:
读小说主要是看人物和对话。《无人生还》中虽然有 10 个主要人物,但是读起来不觉得乱,每个人的外貌性格特点都很清晰,这一点和《利刃出鞘》确实很像。
内容就不剧透了,在这里聊聊语言,这样你在自己阅读的时候就顺便还能学英语。先说几个实用的表达。
  • But the house had certainly been built by a millionaire and was said to be absolutely the last word in luxury.
XX is the last word in luxury 就是「极尽奢华」,XX is the last word in 就可以表示在某方面达到了极致。
  • We’d better rope in Blore to help us. He’ll be a good man in a pinch.
rope in 的字面意思是用绳子拉过来,常用来表示「说服...来帮忙」,书中紧接着就出现了 Blore was easily roped in。后面的 in a pinch 也很常见,书中也多次出现了同义说法 in a tight place。
  • Cat’s out of the bag, it seems.
Cat's out of the bag 我们在 Modern Love 口语书中就学到过,在这里可以理解为「露馅了。后面还出现了一处类似的说法:Then, last night, some unknown lunatic spills the beans.
再看几个熟词生义。
  • And now Dr Armstrong had definitely arrived.
我们很熟悉 arrive 是「到达」,不过在这里它表示「取得成功」。之前读毛姆的《刀锋》时就遇到了同款。
  • I only mention it because it agrees with the other evidence.
agree with 一般表示「同意」,不过在这里的意思是「与...一致」。
  • Roger’s face was working. Its colour was grayish green. His hands shook.
work 在这里的意思是「抽动」「抽搐」:
  • Breakfast was a curious meal. Every one was very polite.
curious 在这里并不是「好奇的」,而是相当于 strange/unusual。
  • What we’re looking for is a madman. What price Macarthur?
读到 What price Macarthur 时我第一反应是「这没写错吧」,然后又想「What price」可能是个固定说法。果不其然:
What price Macarthur 就是「可能是 Macarthur 干的吗?」
  • I’m a domestic sort of man. I’ll give you a hand.
想说一个人「顾家」「乐于做家务」你会怎么说呢?这时就可以用到这个 domestic。在这个语境中,I'm a doemstic sort of man 就可以理解为「我平时也总做家务」。
  • Mr Davis was quite fluent on the subject.
我们很熟悉 fluent 表示「流利」,不过在这里 fluent on the subject 可以理解为对这个话题很熟悉/了解。
最后再说一个梗。书中有这样一句:
Caesar’s wife 的字面意思是「凯撒的妻子」,据说来自凯撒离婚后说过的一句话:My wife ought not even to be under suspicion。为啥我跟她离婚呢?因为我的女人被怀疑不忠。相关说法还有 Caesar’s wife must be above suspicion/reproach。这句话现在在不同的语境中有不同的意思,在书中根据语境我认为是想说此事与我妻子没关系。
好奇搜了下中文译文会怎么翻译,找到这样一个版本:
译者用了直译加注释但是没有提到这个梗,只是说凯撒的妻子以美丽著称,我认为这样处理不妥。另外凯撒有过三位妻子 Cornelia,Calpurnis 和 Pompeia,译者说的克利奥巴特拉应该是曾色诱凯撒的埃及艳后 Cleopatra,而不是他的妻子。这也提醒我们英语学习者们要警惕翻译,要自己多动手找答案。
好了,以上就是 Murder on the Orient Express 和 And Then There Were None 中的一些语言,希望对你的英文阅读也有所启发。
我一直建议刚英文原著的学习者可以从小说读起,娱乐消遣的同时学点英文。读一读不同题材的小说,读言情、科幻,也读笑话、武侠。若是哭了笑了,恨了怒了,就说明你读懂了。如果最近「书荒」,又对《利刃出鞘》这样的故事感兴趣,读上一本阿加莎的作品吧。

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